248 VILLAVERDE. 



man. Oljserving the different jihases of tlie luoon, they suppose them 

 to be two distinct entities, husband and wife, whose older children are 

 the various planets which appear lai'ger to our sight, the younger children 

 being the remaining stars of the firmament. For the same reason they 

 ought to imagine tliat there are two suns. These Ifugaos establish very 

 easily relations among things, taking as a base the male and a female 

 which they call husband and wife, for to everything which appears large 

 and important it appears that they attribute intelligence. Even when 

 they see two conspicuous rocks or mountains which are similar and near 

 together, they believe thus in mutual marriage. 



There is no notable phenomenon in natiire which does not arouse in 

 them serious fears which hold them enslaved in all their movements and 

 operations, although they find a universal remedy in the sacrifice of 

 birds, hogs and buffaloes, whose entrails they study uselessly before 

 introducing them into their own voracious stomachs. 



They believe in two places to which they go after death. For those 

 who die a natural and ordinary death they believe the abiding place to 

 be in the earth and toward the north, calling it Kadungayan, the word 

 by which they designate the northern region. They say that the dead 

 live there reunited in a forest of special trees, which, although the}^ 

 appear by day as such, become converted into houses similar to those of 

 living Ifugaos when the obscurity of night arrives. They are positive 

 that they have gardens of sweet potatoes and other vegetables and that 

 the spirits eat the invisible substance of the animals, rice and other 

 things which their living relatives offer them. Thus, they say that the 

 wine which the living drink serves as a drink for the dead, each getting 

 what belongs to him according to his state. They affirm that those 

 who rob or kill without reason receive here their deserts, and if one dies 

 without paying the penalty the same conditions will continue in the 

 towns of the dead as in the living. He will pay there for his fault with 

 some lance thrust which one of the dead will give him. "Wlaen the story 

 has come to this point, to which only some old and wise man is able to 

 bring it, they do not answer further. If one attempts to go on they 

 on\y destroy what they have said with monstrous contradictions. They 

 say that some of the spirits from that region come back to visit the place 

 and settlements of the living Ifugaos. One of them, according to the 

 story, came with his wife to visit his relatives who maintained them with 

 the most excellent rice flour. When the relatives got tired of such heavy 

 expense they sent them away, it is not known where, and they finally 

 came to rest on one of the mountains of the Mayoyaos to the east of 

 Cauayan in Isabela. While the man was sitting on a rock in the shade 

 of a tree there fell upon his head the droppings of a bird which was 

 perching there, from which it resulted that while he remained seated 

 there burst forth from his very head a tree that they call basisi, from the 



