THE IFUGAOS OF QUINGAN AND VICINITY. 249 



bark of which the pooi- Ifugaos make their skirts. This tree grew very 

 large and still exists over the sitting Ifugao. Two ladders represent 

 them ; the one this man, and the other, I believe, his wife. The Ifugaos 

 are wont to have them at the entrance of their granaries as guardians 

 , and protectors of the rice. They offer or place before them a little rice 

 flour during the feast which they make at the end of the harvest, while 

 they are filling up on the flesh of hogs and buffaloes and are getting as 

 drunk as possible. Those who die from lance thrusts or who die any 

 other violent or sudden death, as well as women who die in childbirth, 

 they assign to heaven, or the abode of the gods which they worship, and 

 they mean by heaven, or the abode of the gods, the stars and planets, 

 especially the sun. They give the following account of the origin of the 

 sun. The Lord of the Sun, whom they call Mananahagut, gave orders 

 that certain Ifugaos should go and kill another one for some fault or 

 other, the Ifugao in question being left, as a result, dead and headless. 

 Lord Mananahagut, moved, it would appear, by compassion, sent his 

 wife, Bugan, charged to invite him and persuade him with gifts and 

 caresses to ascend into heaven, but the spirit of the Ifugao refused the 

 caresses, and refused to go to heaven, in spite of the beetle nuts, tobacco, 

 and vino which were given him, because the woman was peculiarly dressed 

 and looked very strange. The wife of Mananahagut, noting this, disposed 

 of the greater part of her clothing, remaining half naked, as is the custom 

 with the Ifugaos, caressing further the dead Ifugao, and offering him 

 endless pleasures in heaven. Satisfied with this, the Ifugao accompanied 

 her immediately to heaven being received with the greatest joy by Lord 

 Mananahagut, who gave him splendid feasts and dances. For this reason, 

 and I know not for what other, the Ifugaos believe that people who are 

 killed by lance thrusts go to the abode of the gods, but although in said 

 place they are happy, their happiness consists in filling themselves with 

 the flesh of hogs and carabaos and in drinking, and getting drunk on 

 the vino which they make. Neither for their gods nor for the souls of 

 the dead, nor for those who live in mortal flesh is there any greater 

 happiness than the satisfaction of the carnal appetites. The practices 

 and ceremonies which they employ with the dead vary, according to 

 whether the deceased died a natural or a violent death. For the first 

 they spend all and more than they have, ransacking the neighborhood, 

 gathering hogs, carabaos and vino, which they give to eat and drink to 

 all their relatives, because they believe that the souls or the spirits of 

 the animals which they eat are the food of those who go to Kadungayan. 

 They keep the body four, six, ten and even. fifteen days without burial, 

 placed below the house. All depends on the rank of the deceased; the 

 more important he was the longer he is left without burial. But when 

 they bury those who go to heaven, especially the trunks of the corpses the 

 heads of which have been carried away by the enemies who have killed 



