I. FILIPINO TYPES: MANILA STUDENTS. 267 



TYPES INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERS. 



'J'lie cephalic index is selected as the basis for the classification of types 

 by individual characteristics, the nasal index is correlated with this and 

 the stature is subordinated to the two in the following manner : 



The group of cephalic indices as denoted by the curve (Chart II) at 

 74 to 78, 79 to 81, 82 to 84, 85 to 89, and 90 to 100, are segregated. It 

 is found that the group at 74 to 78 may be subdivided by the nasal index 

 into wide and narrow nosed types, and that the wide nosed type has a 

 smaller stature than the narrow nosed type. The latter will be desig- 

 nated as modified Iberian because manj' mestizos are in tlie group, and 

 the characteristics are similar to the Iberian type of Europe (10,35,36). 

 The former will be designated as Australoid because it resembles a type 

 similar to the Australian found among the Igorots(3). To this group 

 also belong those individuals with cephalic index less than 83 and nasal 

 index more than IS above or below it. 



The group 90 to 100 may also be subdivided by the nasal index into 

 wide and narrow nosed types, and each of these may be divided into tall 

 and small stature, the tall being largely mestizo and the small largely 

 Filipino. The small are designated as Primitive, Modified Primitive, 

 and Modified Alpine, the tall as Modified B. B. B. and Modified Adriatic. 

 To this group also belong those individuals with cephalic index 83 and 

 over and nasal index more than 12 greater or 13 less than the cephalic 

 index. 



The remainder with cephalic indices from 79 to 89 may be divided 

 into three groups with mean cephalic indices of 80, 83, and 86 respectively 

 and the nasal index of an}' individual less than 12 points above or below 

 the cephalic index. The three groups are united to represent the fusing 

 product of all types, or the average Filipino of the present, because of the 

 homogeneity of the individuals and the large number in these groups. 



MODIFIED IBERIAN TYPE. 



There are 35 students of this type, of whom 16 are mestizos, and they 

 come from the Provinces of Batangas, Bulacan, Eizal, Cavite, Mindoro, 

 Zambales, Ilocos jSTorte, Pangasinan, Pampanga, Laguna, and the city of 

 Manila. They are differentiated from other students primarily by stature, 

 cephalic index, and nasal index, but a list of characteristics is presented 

 that may also show differences. (Table I.) 



This is one of the most distinct types and corresponds to the Mediterra- 

 nean Pace of Sergi(26), therefore it is taken as a standard with which 

 to compare the remaining types. It is unlike the prehistoric Cro-Magnon 

 of Burope(8) because of its smaller size and harmonic face, but the large 

 occipital region and the relatively large face compared with the other 



