I. FILIPINO TYPES : MANILA STUDENTS. 



269 



of the same tj-pe and with the Iberian as given in the following table 

 may be af interest : 





Cephalic 

 index. 



Nasal 

 index. 



Stature. 



Igorot 



75.1 

 76.8 

 75.2 



97.7 

 92.7 

 73.9 



146.6 

 161.0 

 164.3 



Student — *. 







The stature of the Igorot is less than that of the student, hut the 

 cephalic index and nasal index are almost the same. The cephalic index 

 of the student is slightly greater than either that of the Igorot or of the 

 Iberian, which may be due to the influence of the Primitive type. The 

 nasal index is less than the others, and may be due to the same influence 

 coupled with that of the Iberian, and like influences may have altered 

 the stature. 



The disharmonic physiognomy suggests the Cro-Magnon of prehistoric 

 Europe (8), but the small size of the individuals in every dimension almost 

 precludes anj^ relationship, unless environment accounts for the differ- 

 ences. The Cro-Magnon of Europe was noted for great height; long, 

 high, narrow liead ; prominent occipital region ; and large, square face. 

 If the Australoid type is a remnant of the Cro-Magnon, great changes 

 have taken place. 



In conclusion then, the Australoid type among the students resembles 

 the same type among the Igorots in cephalic index, nasal index, and 

 physiognomic face index, and it differs from the Iberian in nasal index, 

 morphologic face index, and number of decayed teeth, in which characters 

 it resembles the following type. 



PEIiimVE TYPE. 



Onl}' nine students of this type occur in 377, a comparatively small 

 number, but the type justifies itself because of its distinctive characters. 

 (Table 1.) The head is wide, the nose and face are wide, and the 

 stature is small. Two of the nine have wavy hair; 40 per cent have no 

 decayed teeth and the average number of decayed teeth is 3 less than the 

 Iberian and 2 less than the Australoid; there are no mestizos among 

 them; they come from the Provinces of Eizal, Bulacan, Ilocos Sur, 

 Cavite, Pangasinan, Leyte, and Union. 



The cephalic index of this type is about 10 higher than the Iberian, 

 the nasal index is 12.6 higher, and the stature is 13.5 centimeters lower. 

 The head length is 1.3 centimeters less than the Iberian, the head width 

 is 8 millimeters greater, the nose is 9 millimeters shorter, and 1 millimeter 

 wader, and the face is 1 centimeter shorter and 3 millimeters wider. The 

 parietal circumference is 1.2 centimeters more than the Iberian, the 



