278 



BEAN. 



DISCUSSION. 



The Iberian, Alpine^ and Adriatic of Europe (10) should be compared 

 with modified types of like nature in the United States (3) and with 

 similar types among the Filipinos in order to establish relationships and 

 differences and, if possible, to determine the trend of development. 





Iberian. 



Alpine. 



Adriiitic. 



Fili- 

 pino. 



Europe. 



United 

 States. 



Fili- 

 pino. 



Europe. 



United 

 States. 



F"'- Fnrnno ' United 

 pino. i*'"™P«-l States. 



! 1 





164.3 

 7,5.2 



161-162 

 73-76 



170.8 

 76.8 



160.2 

 86. 9 



163-164 

 8.5-87 



169.4 

 81.4 



168.6 1 168-172 17.5 1 



Cephalic index 



88.0 1 85-86 81.6 | 



1 1 



The stature of each type is greater in America than in Europe, and 

 greater in Europe than in the Philippines, except the Iberian, which is 

 greater in the Philippines. The Filipino Iberian has Cro-Magnon ele- 

 ments which may account for his greater stature. The cephalic inde.x 

 is more mesocephalic in America and more brachycephalic in the Philip- 

 pines, except again in the Filipino-Iberian type, which is more dolicho- 

 cephalic than the American Iberian, but more mesocephalic than the 

 European Iberian. Here again, the influence of the long headed Cro- 

 Magnon as well as the broad headed Primitive explains the difference. 

 • The nose of the Filipino is notably wider than that of the European. 



The tendency in the Philippines seems to be toward reduced stature, 

 wide heads and noses in so far as the Europeai types are concerned, 

 although the Iberian is only slightly modified. This may be because the 

 Iberian is a purer or an older type than the Alpine, Adriatic, B. B. B. 

 or Cro-Magnon, or because it is more unlike the Filipino t3'pes than are 

 the other European ones, and, in spite of crossing with the Filipino, it 

 does not blend. The Iberians may be dominant and the other types 

 recessive or vice versa in cross breeding. 



On the other hand, the Filipino types are themselves becoming altered 

 through the influence of the European and in the opposite direction ; they 

 are becoming taller, more mesocephalic and less wide nosed. This is 

 evident in the Modified Primitive type, and in the Australoid as com- 

 pared with the Australoid of the Igorots, as well as in the Blending type 

 as compared with the Primitive and Australoid. The American white 

 and the American negro will in time intensify the increasing stature and 

 decreasing cephalic index, but the nose may continue to be as wide as at 

 present. 



It can not be overlooked that the Primitive, the Alpine, and the 

 Adriatic as well as the B. B. B., are related to each other, and are sepa- 

 rated only by relative factors such as slight diflierences in stature, cephalic, 

 nasal, and face indices. This may lead to one of two conclusions : Either 



