II. FILIPINO TYPES : MALECON MORGUE. 331 



The majority of deaths are caused by chronic affections. Tuberculosis 

 heads the list with 41 per cent of deaths, beriberi follows with 14 per 

 cent, and then, in the order given, come senile debility, 6 per cent, 

 chronic enteritis, 5 per cent, septicaemia, 5 per cent, accident, 5 per cent, 

 carcinoma, 2 per cent, pyaemia, 2 per cent, chronic nephritis, 2 per cent, 

 and other diseases, 18 per cent. The other diseases include 1 case each of 

 heart disease, uraemia, diabetes, asthma, meningitis, chronic rheumatism, 

 hemorrhagic purpura, typhoid fever, influenza, myocarditis, bronchitis, 

 chronic cystitis, liver abscess, and insanity. The clinical diagnosis was 

 confirmed by autopsy in only 23 cases, and these are given at the end of 

 this work. 



The most significant facts are that 70 per cent of the Iberians, 56 

 per cent of the Blends, and 33 per cent of the other types died of tuber- 

 culosis, whereas only one Primitive and not a single Australoid died of it. 

 However, 33 per cent of the Primitive, 30 per cent of the Australoid, 

 and but one Iberian died of beriberi. This would indicate that the 

 Iberian is more susceptible to tuberculosis than the Blends and other 

 types, and the Primitive and Australoid are comparatively free from the 

 disease. On the other hand, the Primitive and Australoid are prone to 

 contract beriberi, and the Iberian is not. 



I would not draw any far-reaching conclusions from this, but only 

 suggest that the species to which any individual belongs should be taken 

 into consideration in the etiology of such diseases as beriberi and 

 tuberculosis. Other factors play a part: we know that the tubercle 

 bacillus is supposed to be the cause of tuberculosis, but we also know 

 that the soil must be ready or the tubercle bacillus is of no avail. Bating 

 Tincured rice is said to be the cause of beriberi, but the physical condition 

 of the individual plays an important role. If it can be demonstrated 

 that the Iberian is sedentary and a house worker, whereas the Primitive 

 and Australoid are active open-air laborers; if the Iberian does not live 

 largety on rice, whereas the Primitive and Australoid are heavy rice 

 feeders ; and if more extensive observations do not corroborate the present 

 findings, then the suggestion fails. It is put forward simply , as a 

 plausible factor in the etiology of the two diseases, tuberculosis and 

 beriberi. 



We have, in conclusion, the following inferences : 



The Filipinos were originally composed largely of two systematic 

 species of man, which I have termed Primitive and Australoid. To these 

 have been added Chinese and European elementary species, especially in 

 the cities and along the littoral of the Islands. 



The elementary species represented by the European and Chinese are 

 now in greater abundance than the systematic species, and the blends 

 constitute about one-half of the littoral population. 



