GEOLOGICAL KBCONNALSSANCB OF LEYTE. • 343 



deep places to the west beds of gray, wliite, red, and yellow clay lie deposited 

 in layers and having the aspect of variegated marls." 



"Exactly to the south in front of the gate-way on the trail from Burauen 

 tliere is a cavern . in white decomposed rock, having an opening 25 feet wide 

 from which much water which deposits siliceous incrustations flows. The roof 

 of the cave is hung with, stalactites which ai'e covered partially or completely, 

 with sublimed sulphur." 



"In the high part of the slope of Mount Danan near the summit so much 

 sulphur is deposited from the vapors that it can be collected in coconut shells. 

 In some crevices protected from the action of the cold air it accumulates in 

 thick brown crusts." 



"The solfatara of Mount Danan is situated exactly south of the other at the 

 opposite side of the ridge of the Casiboi. TJie clay, which remains after the 

 siliceous matter has been washed out, is carried by the rain to the valley 

 where it forms a jilain. the greater part of which is occupied by the Lake 

 Malaksan. (Malaksan signifies sour.) It is limited by low ground, and its 

 extent, which is subject to frequent variations according to the weather, was 

 found to be 500 paces long and 100 wide. From the elevation at the solfatara 

 there is seen through an opening to the south a somewhat larger lake of 

 fresh water surroundied by wooded mountains. Its name is Jarnanan. * * * 

 Soundings gave the following results : Near the southern margin, which is 

 somewhat more steep than the north, 13 fathoms (equals 21.7 meters): the 

 greatest length was found to be 800 varas (668 meters) and the width about 

 half of this." 



Mr. Goodman described the same locality as follows; lie introduced 

 some names not contained in Jagor's description, but the reader will be 

 a1)le to reconcile the two descriptions without difficulty: 



"The earliest indication of our proximity to solfataric activity was observed 

 when we came to the crossing of the Mainit River, about a third of a mile 

 south of 'la puerta.' The source of the heat and sulphui- carried by the Mainit 

 lies in the solfatara, which is only about a quarter of a mile east of where 

 we crossed the river and about 100 feet above it. The To-od Grande, as 

 this solfatara is called, is a large barren space about 800 feet long by 500 

 feet wide. Its surface consists of white kaolin i-esulting from the corrosion by 

 acid fumes of some volcanic rock, probably andesite. A portion of this super- 

 ficial layer has incrusted \ipon it a greenish yellow mixture of sulphur and 

 clay, deposited from the sulphurous gases which still emanate from numerou.H 

 fissures and crater-like openings in the surface of this barren area." 



"These openings are of two kinds — dry vents from which gases . escape into 

 the atmosphere without the association of water, and wet holes which are like 

 lai'ge earthern caldrons containing either boiling mud or water. Extending 

 some distance around the orifice of the dry vents there is usually formed an 

 incrustation of beautiful yellow cr3'stals of sulphur. The bulk of the sulphur, 

 however, lies in the impure clayey mixture distributed over the surface in 

 irregular patches. An average sample of the crust to a depth of about nine 

 inches yielded on analysis 66.1 per cent of free sulphur." 



"The To-od Pequeno is a continuation of the same solfatara, situated to the 

 south of and at a lower level than the To-od Grande. It exhibits the same 

 phenomena as the upper solfatara, but is much smaller in area. In one portion 

 of the To-od Pequeno is a 'large cave from the bottom of which issue steam, 

 sul|)hurous, chlorine, and other gases, corroding the sides and roof of the 



