344 ADAMS. 



vault and giving to it a vari-colored appearance, due to the secondary minerals 

 formed." 



"About half a mile southeast of the To-od and separated from it by a high 

 ridge of andeaite is another solfatara called the Pangujaan." It is situated 

 on the southern slope of a slide, about 12.5 feet high and about 300 feet wide, 

 from the sides of which four or five larger and several smaller vents give off 

 steam and sulphurous gases in a continuous flow. As at the To-od, these vents 

 are usually fringed with a sublimate of sulphur, close approach to which, 

 however, is very difficult on account of the precipitousness of the slide, as 

 well as on account of the heat and noxious gases given off. Occasionally the 

 channel leading to one of these vents may become closed, and the flow of gases 

 deflected in another direction, in which event the rich sublimate - which has 

 formed in the neck and about the mouth of the vent becomes covered over with 

 a subsequent layer of kaolin, forming a hidden deposit of almost pure sulphur." 



"South and southwest of the two solfataras are two small lakes which drain 

 that region. The smaller of these, called the Malaksan, has low and flat banks, 

 is quite shallow, and is about 100 feet long by about 500 feet wide. Its waters 

 are slightly acid, and apparently barren of all living matter. The larger and 

 deeper of the two lakes, called the Pangi, is situated about half a mile south of 

 lake Malaksan, has high, steep and wooded banks, and 'contains fresh water 

 with an abundance of large fish. The approximate altitudes of the two lakes 

 are respectively 1,230 and 1,160 feet above sea level. With the exception of 

 a few occasional fishermen who venture into this country, the entire neighbor- 

 hood of the solfataras is uninhabited and uncultivated for miles around." 



.Mount Cabalian. — Another topographical feature worthy of description 

 is Mount Cabalian, which is situated in the extreme southeastern point 

 of the island. Its lower slopes have the characteristics of a volcanic cone, 

 but its summit is broken up into irregular peaks inclosing a lake which 

 evidently occupies the crater. To the south and east the lower slopes of 

 the mountain descend gradually to the sea, and to the northeast they 

 descend with the same regularity to a lowland. To the north and west 

 there are hills which destroy the outline of the cone. To the west and 

 east of the mountain there are hot springs, and several of the streams 

 which flow down its lower slope are slightly minerali7ed, so that iish 

 do not live in them. 



In Bulletin III, Census of the Philippines, 1905, Eev. Saderra Maso, 

 S. J., records that it is stated that near Cabalian there lies an active 

 solfatara. This probably refers to Mount Cabalian which, however, does 

 not e.xhibit solfataric action. In 1907 it was the center of a local earth- 

 quake disturbance which continued from May 17 to 25 and caused 

 several large landslides from the peaks of the mountains. The barren 

 rock faces and the paths of the descending avalanches, as indicated by 

 the absence of trees, were clearly distinguishable at the time this recon- 

 naissance was made. In the Bitlletin of the "Weather Bureau for May, 

 1907, the reports of this earth q\iake from inhabitants of the locality 

 state that the disturbance caused some nipa houses to fall, and that on 



' Solfatara of Mount Danfln of Jagor's description. 



