III. FILIPINO TYPES : RACIAL ANATOMY IN TAYTAY. 369 



It is evident from the a1]ove that the tibio-femoral index differs in 

 the different groups of individuals, and there is a transition through 

 the Asiatic and European to tlie African. The Taytayans have a higher 

 index than the Asiatic or European, and I believe we can safely say a 

 lower index than the JSTegro or jSTegrito. 



THE ANKLE HEIGHT. 



This is 6.5 centimeters for the Taytayans, 5.4 centimeters for the 

 Igorots and 7.8 for the Europeans according to Hoffmann. The Tay- 

 tayans are almost exactly intermediate between the Igorots and the 

 Europeans,, which may be significant and can be taken to mean that 

 the Taytayans represent a cross of the early Malay and the later European 

 peoples. 



THE UPPER EXTEESriTT. 



The total length of the upper extremity is the distance from the 

 acromion process to the tip of the middle finger with the arm hanging 

 straight by the side. This may be divided into three parts, the upper 

 arm from the acromion to the head of the radius, the forearm from the 

 head of the radius to its st3doid process, the hand from this point to 

 the tip of the middle fingers, to which may be added a fourth part, the 

 arm minus hand by combining the length of the upper arm and forearm. 

 The absolute length of the upper extremity of 176 Taytayans is 73.97 

 centimeters and the relative length is 45.8, which is greater than that 

 of the Igorots(3) (absolute,- 67.82 centimeters, relative, 44.0 centi- 

 meters), of the Malays (18) (absolute, 64.5 to 71.8 centimeters, relative, 

 43.1 to 45.9 centimeters), of the Sumatrans(39) (absolute, 70.34 centi- 

 meters, relative, 44.62 centimeters), is the same as the Sattaks(12) 

 (absolute, 73.4 centimeters, relative, 45.8 centimeters) ; and it is' less 

 than the Ainos(18) (relative, 46.0 centimeters) and the Yeddalis(lS) 

 (absolute, 73.9 centimeters, relative, 47.0 centimeters). It is about the 

 same as the European(lS) (relative(18), 45.5; relative(31), 45.0, 

 absolute (36), 74.2). 



The upper extremity of the Negro is not longer relatively than that of the 

 European according to Topinard(31) (Negro, 45.2, European, 43.2 to 45.5 cen- 

 timeters) although Keane(14) (p. 36) gives the long upper extremity of the 

 Negro as an important differential character. Soularue(29) (p. 375) finds little 

 diflference between the two in the combined length of the humerus and radius 

 in relation to stature, which is 37.3 for the Negro and 36.8 for the Europeans. 

 Topinard(31) (p. 1036) gives the relative length as 35.5 for the Negro and 35.0 

 for the European. 



The upper extremity of the Negro may be a trifle longer relative to 

 stature than is the European, but whatever the difference, it is slight 

 and the Tavtayan is not so greatlv unlike either one. 



