III. FILIPINO TYPES: RACIAL ANATOMY IN TAYTAY. 423 



Vernea"u(34) has demonstrated the presence of Cro-Magnon types in 

 the living population of Europe^ and the measurements of the two Amer- 

 icans are given to show their relationship to the early Cro-Magnon of 

 that country. 



Head and face measurements corroborate the limb measurements and, 

 if anything, are more emphatic in associating the Cro-Magnon with the 

 Taytayan, and with the Nilotic ISTegro. The head length and breadth 

 are greater in the Cro-Magnon than in the others, and the cephalic index 

 is less, the face dimensions of the Cro-Magnon are also greater than in 

 the others, but the head is dolichocephalic and the face is large in all 

 alike. The nose of the Negro an-d of the Taytayan are more platyrrhine 

 than the Cro-Magnon but in all it is similar: large and straight. The 

 head, nose and face of the Americans are smaller than of the Cro-Magnon 

 and indicate affinities to the Mediterranean Eace of Sergi, or Iberian, 

 as it is called in. the present work. 



Dr. Pirrie(38) noted that the occiput of the Nilotic Negro is prom- 

 inent — projects boldly backwards — and this is characteristic of the Cro- 

 Magnon. The Taytayan is not so marked in this feature but the occiput 

 of one American exceeds all others in this respect. Pigures 161 and 168, 

 pages 368 and 370, in the Third Eeport of the Wellcome Eesearch Labora- 

 tories, represent modified Cro-Magnon heads. 



Undoubtedly, the Cro-Magnon has become dissipated by fusion in 

 Europe and Africa, and I believe in Asia as well. Cro-Magnon char- 

 acteristics may be noted among the Chinese of Manila (6), and among 

 the Filipinos of many provinces. This may be accounted for through 

 Spanish intermixture, but earlier infiltrations from Europe can not be 

 excluded. 



Cro-Magnon characteristics may be seen by examining Plates I, VIII, 

 IX, X, XI, XII, and XV, although obscured by other types. Plate XV 

 represents the nearest approach to the Cro-Magnon that could be photo- 

 graphed at Taytay, although partly Australoid and recent Iberian. The 

 dorsal flattening of the head in the latter is, I believe, a relic of infancy 

 when the head rested a great deal on the petdte with a hard flat surface 

 beneath. 



The sagittal head outlines from glabella to inion of the two Taytayan 

 Cro-Magnons and of one American Cro-Magnon are given for comparison 

 and contrasts. (Pig- 15.) The height of the two Taytayans is greater 

 than the American, and, as a matter of fact, the auricular bregmatic height 

 of the American is 12.4 centimeters whereas that of the Taytayans is 13 

 and 13.6 centimeters. The two Taytayan outlines were made with the 

 cephalograph and are exact, but the outline of the American was made 

 with electric fuse wire and is therefore not so exact, but it does not vary 

 more than a few millimeters at any point and the general contour is a 

 true representation of the head shape. 



