436 I5EA-\. 



ears but would be classed as Australoid by other characteristics. Like- 

 wise the Negrito of Plate 78 of Folkinar, has Modiiied Primitive ears 

 but is Australoid by tlie ceplialic index of 78.45, uasal index of 10:^.38 

 and stature of 135.7 centimeters. Other Modified Primitive ears may 

 be seen in Plates 14, 34, 6C, and 67 of Folkmar. 



The Alpine ear may be seen in Plate 44 of Folkinar, whei-e the individual 

 (a Tagalog of Laguna Province) is also of that species, with a stature of 

 163.5 centimeters and cephalic index and nasal index of 88.24 and 83.67 

 respectively. Otlier Alpine eais somewhat modiiied and resembling both 

 Primitive and Iberian, may be seen in Plates 1, 17, 20, 21, 25, 37, and 66 

 of Folknuir. 



Plate GO of Follanar, a Visayan of Masbate, represents a secondary or 

 recent Australoid, with typical Iberian A ears. 



Plate 41 of Folkmar, a Tagalog of Bulacan Province, has Iberian C 

 ears, and the jDJiysiognomy is mixed Iberian, tlie individual being a Blend. 



Otlier more or less pure Iberian ears may be seen in Plates 4, 5, 8, 12, 

 15, of Folkmar, many others throughout the Album have some Iberian 

 characteristics, and only a few have no Iberian characters in ear form. 



Plate 59 and plates 50 and 75 of Folkmar represent modified B. B. B. 

 ears, and types with oblong face and head resembling the B. B. B. species. 



A man simulating the Cro-Magnon and having Iberian (Cro-Magnon?) 

 ears is seen in Plate 32 of Folkmar. 



Folkmar may have classified Filipinos to his own satisfaction, and 

 others may see the Tagalog, or Ilokano or Visayan type, but I can not find 

 sufficient uniformity of characteristics to justify the classification into 

 such groujis although there may be a slight superficial resemblance in 

 facial expression, attitude, manner of action, etc. Follcmar's divisions 

 are therefore unjustified, whereas by the ear t3'pe and its associated 

 physical type, much may be obtained from the plates of his Album. 



There can be no doubt of the two species, Primitive aud Iberian, among 

 the Filipinos, and it is possible that the various manifestations of these 

 and the union of their different characters in many combinations result 

 in the other species, although the B. B. B. when pure is unlike either 

 the Primitive or Iberian. 



V. DISEASE AND SPECIES. 



The association of tuberculosis and beriberi with the Iberian and 

 Primitive species respectively, was previously determined in a study of 

 the types found in Maleeon Morgue ( 5 ) . The jiresent stud^^ corroborates 

 the association of the Iberian species with tuberculosis, but adds nothing 

 to substantiate the association of beriberi with the Primitive species, 

 because only one case of beriberi is noted and tliat in a Cro-Magnon, 

 although the ears of this individual showed Priniiti\e markings. 



The afflictions of the Iberian were 9 with intestinal parasites, 4 with 

 tuberculosis of the lungs and 1 with other lung or pleural affections, 1 



