438 BEAN. 



This again corroborates previous findings, and signifies that by the ear 

 alone the susceptibility to tuberculosis may l)e indicated. There are also 

 indications that malaria is more frequent among the Iberian Filipinos, 

 and that the heart and arteries are affected more often than in the Primi- 

 tive. Indeed, all diseases are associated more frequently with the Iberian 

 than the Primitive, except beribei'i, and only one case of this disease is 

 reported among the men measured. 



No absolute conclusions would be justified from the facts exposed, but 

 the inference is strong that the Iberian is more susceptible to all diseases 

 but more especially to tuberculosis than the Primitive. This may be 

 indicative that the European and Filipino blend, or its resulting off-spring 

 of the Iberian type, is less resistant to disease in the tropics than is tlie 

 aboriginal type on its own soil and in its natural environment. 



The records of disease may be found in the statistics of the Medical 

 Survey of the town of Taytay in the Biological Laboratory. Bureau of 

 Science, from which the data are drawn. 



CONCLUSIONS. TPIE SEPARATION OF THE TYPES INTO STSTEJIATIC AND 



ELEMENTAEX SPECIES. 



The time has come when the types of men found in the Philippine 

 Islands may be designated without doubt as elementary and systematic 

 species. It is entirel}' without tlie province of antlirojjology to define 

 these terms so that they will apply to all zoological forms, but the studies 

 of the past few years among tlie Xegroes, the students, and the school 

 children in America, among the Igorots, tlie Manila students from all 

 parts of the Philippine Islands, the morgue suljjects and the people of ' 

 Taytaj^, as well as a study of Filipino ears, justifies a classification of 

 the types of man into two definite groups. One contains the types that 

 are stable and have been stable for many hundreds if not thousands of 

 years, and that do not blend readily when crossed with other stable types; 

 these are called systematic species. The other group contains the t3rpes 

 that are unstable, that have not been in existence so great a time, and that 

 blend readily, especially with nearly related types : these are called elenien- 

 tarj' species. 



Each species may have subspecies or varieties. The elementary species 

 are cross sections of variable species which have been formed by the union 

 of two diverse sjjecies, whereas subspecies or varieties are cross sections of 

 systematic species that are variable through inherent changes not due to 

 actual crossing but to the interplay of heredity' and environment. Ele- 

 mentary species and subspecies or varieties ma}' sometimes be the same, 

 and ultimately may prove to be synonymous terms. Varieties may become 

 systematic species when they shall be sufficiently differentiated, and shall 

 have become stable. Elementary species may become systematic species 

 when the blending elements have reached a stage of slight variability and 

 have become a pure blend. The difference between elementary species 



