III. FILIPINO TYPES: EACIAL ANATOMY IN TAYTAY. 439 



and variety is that the first is tlie lieginniug formation of a systematic 

 species b}" tlie blending of two otliers, wliereas tlie second is the Ijeginning 

 formation of a systematic species by the differentiation and disintegra- 

 tion of an old systematic species. 



The proper use of the terms, systematic species, elementary species and 

 variety, may be illustrated by the Filipino types of tliis and previous 

 studies. 



The Iberian tv'pe became isolated many hundreds of years ago and 

 became a systematic species of man, and, in the course of time, developed 

 varieties which Sergi{28), under the title of the Mediterranean Eace, has 

 differentiated and designated bj' their skull form. The varieties of this 

 type spread over the face of the earth, and as they came to the Orient 

 they encountered an entirely different type, another systematic species, 

 the Primitive with its varieties. The commingling of the varied forms 

 resulted in several new types which are elementar}' species or variable 

 blends of the varieties of the two original systematic species. This will 

 probably account for every people of the .East except the Negrito, and 

 it may prove useful in unravelling their varied forms, because the 

 ISTegritos are not homogeneous, as will be evident from forthcoming 

 studies. 



The present and previous studies reveal at least four types of Iberian 

 ears, which differentiate the Iberian varieties, and to this extent the divi- 

 sion of the Mediterranean Race by Sergi is corroborated. The Primitive 

 may also be subdivided into at least three types: the Primitive proper, tlie 

 Modified Primitive, and the Adriatic, and also the Blends, all of wliich 

 have ears of similar form that have not yet been differentiated, but tlie 

 three varieties of men are none the less evident. 



The union of the Iberian and Primitive species as constitnted by 

 their varieties, has produced in tlie Philippines the Australoid. Alpine, 

 and B. B. B., if not the Cro-Magnon. Their union to form the Australoid 

 had resulted in the t3'pe A of the Igorots, — the primary Australoid — at 

 the time the Spaniard's came to the Islands, after which a new infusion 

 of modified Iberians caused an alteration of the primary AvTstraloid and 

 the formation of the secondary Australoid. The ■prim.ary Australoid is 

 an elementary species, and the secondary Australoid is also an elemen- 

 tary species but different from the primary. 



The Alpine represents the union of the Iberian and Primitive as a 

 complementary form to the Australoid Init without subdivision, although 

 the B. B. B. probably stands in the same relation to the Alpine as the 

 secondary Australoid to the primary. 



The Cro-Magnon has Iberian qualities and also Primitive, but not so 

 definite as the Iberian. This form is probably the result of recent and 

 remote Cro-Magnon elements which came with the Iberian from Europe. 

 Its relation to the Australoid is similar to the relationship of the B. B. B. 

 to the Alpine. 



