440 BEAN. 



The question of raeu naturallj' suggests itself here and may be consid- 

 ered in relation to the varied forms that constitute the Filipino people. 



Tjie definitions of species, variety and race are given by Quatre- 

 fages(21) as clearly as one may hope to have them: 



"Species is a collection of individuals more or less resembling each other, 

 which mi\y be regarded as having descended from a single primitive pair by 

 an uninterrupted and natural succession of families." 



Variety is "An individual or a number of individuals belonging to the same 

 sexual generation, which is distinguished from the other representatives of the 

 same species by one or several exceptional characters." 



Race is "A number of individuals resembling each other, belonging to one 

 species, having received and trasmitting, by means of sexual generation, the char- 

 acters of a primitive variety." 



There is nothing in the above definitions that is incompatible with the 

 ideas formulated and e.xpressed in the preceding pages as to systematic 

 species and varieties, but Quatrefages gives no definition of a type that 

 is formed by the union of tvro other types, therefore 7'oom is left for the 

 term elementar}' siJecies as defined above. 



The use of the word race may well apply as indicated by Quatrefages, 

 except that such an entity becomes again a species as soon as it is estab- 

 lished as a race. Derivatives of the primary races are termed secondary 

 races, and derivatives of these tertiary races by Quatrefages, but when 

 many of these become fused the term race is used no longer. Would it 

 not be better to continue the terms species and variety, or to give the 

 name type to the primary, secondary, tertiary, etc., races of Quatrefages, 

 and to dignify each nationality tliat has developed characteristics that 

 differentiate it from other nationalities by the term race, as the German 

 race, the French race, the Filipino race? Otherwise, the word race 

 becomes lost or relegated to designate remnants of humanity such as the 

 Esquimo and the Negrito, which are only types or varieties. 



The term race should apply to any composite body of individuals who 

 are becoming or may have become a distinct type by a natural or an 

 artificial process. A race may contain systematic species, varieties and 

 elementary species in profusion. A Filipino race at j^resent exists under 

 this terminology but not under that of Quatrefages, nor would more 

 than a few of the world's living peoples be races according to his 

 definition. Eace would apply also to the Cro-Magnon of early Europe, 

 the Mediterranean of Sergi and to other forms that have become dis- 

 persed and diffused or remain as fragments such as the Basque, the 

 Esquimo and the Negrito. There would be a German race and an 

 English race, a Dutch race and a Spanish race, but not a white race or 

 a black race or a yellow race, because elements of each color are fusing 

 in different ways in various places, and the color markings do not con- 

 stitute a definite factor of differentiation, although color may be useful 

 as an adjunct. Color markings have been of no value in the differen- 



