A CEPHALOGRAPH: THE DESCRIPTION OF AN INSTRUMENT 



FOR REPRODUCING THE OUTLINES OF THE 



HEAD AND FACE. 



By Robert Bennett Bean. 

 {From the Anatomical Lahorutori/ of the Philippine Medical School, Manila, P. I.) 



The value of an instrument that would accurately and easily produ(!e 

 the outlines of the head and face in any direction, through or over any 

 plane, has long been recognized by anthrop)ologists, and the instrument 

 here described and pictured is presented with the hope that it will fulfill 

 the requirements.' The idea of the construction of a ccphalo graph oc- 

 curred to nie as early as 1905 when I used a machine for obtaining 

 the outlines of the brain which would reproduce only the silhouette of 

 the object but which could not be applied to the surface. At that time 

 I spoke to Dr. Ales Hrdlicka who encouraged me to attempt the con- 

 struction of such a machine, but the opf)ortunity for its construction did 

 not arise until I reached the Philippines in June, 1907. 



In 1906 I consulted Prof. L. Manouvrier who was at that time working 

 on a machine designed for the purpose of obtaining outlines of the 

 head on the living, and I am grateful to him for any suggestions that 

 may have been utilized in the construction of the ceplialo graph. The 

 principles involved in the cranial instruments of Prof. Rudolph Martin ^ 

 have been utilized, especially the pantograph to reproduce the exact 

 outlines, the use of which occurred to me after my acquaintance with 

 Professor Martin's instruments. The castings were made of alumi- 

 num through the kindness of my brother, Mr. Wyndham Eandolph Bean, 

 superintendent of the plants of the T. H. Symington Company at Roches- 

 ter, ISTew York, for whose interest in and personal supervision of the 

 work I am greatly thankful. The measuring arm of the machine was 

 made by Filipino students at the Philippine School of x'^.rts and Trades 

 in Manila, under the direction of Mr. Hewitt. To Mr. Hewitt I am 

 also indebted for cooperation in constructing another cephalugraph for 

 the Bureau of Education of the Philippine Isalnds. 



The cephalograph consists essentially of an aluminum frame supported 

 by two vertical steel bars 1 meter long and 2 centimeters in diameter, 

 fastened by brackets at each end to a board screwed to a frame or to 

 any wall or post. Tlie aluminum frame supports, by two parallel rods 

 of the same diameter but only half as long, a horizontal aluminum bar, 



^ Ueber einige neure Instrumenten und Hilfsmittel fur deu Antlu-opologischen 

 Unterricht. Correspondenz-Blatt der Deutscher anthropologischen Gesellschaft. 

 (1903), No. 11, pp. 127-1.32. 



447 



