Hectob. — On Cnemiomis. 79 



aperture being directed outwards, forwards, and upwards, rounded in front 



and angled behind, and tliey are separated by a smooth bony interspace (f) 



which is one-fourth the width of the mandible. The tip is rounded, with a 



tumid area for the attachment of the horny mandible, the length of which is 



equal to the width. Interiorly the palatal plate is flat, with deeply-incurved 



borders, notched on each side of the tip, and deeply excavated by a longitudinal 



groove (7i), which is perforated by two well-defined apertures, the one (Ji') 



large and directed upwards, the other (Ji") small, directed backward in a line 



with the groove. The palatines are firmly united with the vomer, the upper 



surface of which has a slight groove to receive the pre-sphenoid. 



The lower mandible is stout, but broad and compressed in every part, the 



rami preserving a lamellate structure throughout, and being united by a broad 



symphysis [sy), the length of which is equal to one-fourth of the mandible, the 



anterior half being flat and the posterior excavated. Inferiorly the punctate 



surface of attachment of the horny mandible covers the whole of the symphysial 



portion. 



Pelvis. PI. XIV. 



This bone agrees with Professor Owen's description* so far as his imperfect 

 specimen enabled him to fix its characters, but the complete preservation of 

 the bone obtained from the Earnscleugh cave enables me to add the 

 following : — 



The neck of the ischium (a) is compressed to form the inferior notch, which 

 is 9 lines in diameter, and contracted posteriorly (at h) to 5 lines. The 

 ischium then expands to 8 lines, with a concave external surface, its upper 

 margin being united with the ilium for the last two inches {cd), forming a 

 rhomboidal convex plate with a thin posterior margin that descends 

 obliquely backwards ; the inferior margin is produced (e), and has been united 

 by cartilage to the pubic styles for about 9 lines. The latter are attached by 

 a stout compressed process to the inferior fifth of the acetabulum, and thence 

 produced backwards as a narrow, curved bone, flat externally, and with a 

 strong ridge internally, 3 lines wide at its narrowest part, and ])osteriorIy 

 expanding into a flat curved process that descends at an obtuse angle and 

 continues the edge of the posterior pelvic aperture (f). The coccygeal bones 

 are wanting. The first sacral vertebra is anchylosed to the sacrum only by 

 its spinous process. 



The posterior roof of the pelvis is pierced by eight foramina in almost 

 parallel lines an inch apart, separated by a concave interspace anteriorly and 

 a convex ridge posteriorly ; the i-homboidal form of the area being produced by 

 a blunt expansion of the border which, on either side, ovei'hangs the anti- 

 trochanteric process. 



=» I. c. p. 397. 



