W. Travers. — On Extinct Glaciers in the South Island. 307 



of Mount Franklin and of tLe lower mountains between it and the Pjrramid. 

 About four miles below the former mountain it is joined bj the waters of the 

 Ada, a large stream, the sources of which are in Mount Una. The main 

 valley lies nearly due north and south, and that of the Ada^ which enters it 

 about three miles above the great moi-aine already referred to, about north- 

 west and south-east. The glacier which descended fi'om the Pyramid and 

 Mount Pranklin being joined by an immense branch from Moimt Una, passed 

 down the main valley to a point below that of the Henry, damming back the 

 waters flowing through the latter, so as to reverse the drainage and cause them 

 to flow over a low col into the river Boyle, which joins the Dillon many miles 

 below the great moi'aine. In the range of mountains which forms the eastern 

 side of the main valley, and about five miles above the moraine, is a low col 

 or saddle leading into the valley of the Stanley, which, after flowing for 

 several miles on the eastern side of the dividing range, falls into the Dillon 

 below the moraine. Before the glacier had filled the main valley the drainage 

 of the mountains to the eastward of this col was carried into the Stanley 

 River, but, as the col must have been considerably lower than the upper 

 surface of the glacier, a branch of the latter passed over it, filling the valley 

 below it (which lies about north-west and south-east) as far as the valley of 

 the Stanley, in front of which it deposited an enormous load of moraine 

 matter. This col is about three quarters of a mile across, and, no doubt, 

 before it had been invaded by the ice, presented the ordinary features of a 

 mountain saddle, namely, a smooth, rounded summit, with steep pitches into 

 the valleys on either side. But the ice in its passage across it planed it down 

 on the lower side to an even, uniform, and gentle slope for a distance of about 

 half a mile, from which point it plunged abruptly into the valley below, not 

 only scooping out all the material which had previously lain in its bed, but 

 also, in all probability, deepening it somewhat, as a basin. Passing on then to 

 the main valley of the Stanley, it deposited at its edge, and completely across 

 the lateral valley, a huge mass of moraine matter, which extends back into the 

 latter for about three-quarters of a mile. 



The space between the col and the inner line of the moraine is now 

 occupied by LakeGuyon, a sheet of water about a mile and a quarter in length 

 and half a mile broad, and (by actual measurement) 60 feet deep in its deepest 

 part, gradually shoaling, however, towards both ends. As the upper surface 

 of the moraine is fully 100 feet higher than the highest part of the col, the 

 drainage has been reversed, the waters of the lake flowing into the Dillon 

 along a channel worn through the col. The scooping effect of tlie glacier is 

 very evident in this case, for even the surface of the lake lies at least 60 feet 

 below the general slope of the valley of the Stanley, which, in many places 

 close to the great raoraine, Jlows through and over solid rock. 



