xxvi A2)2}endix. 



Caucasian families over the earth, I have observed this change more aptly 

 illustrated in different coj)ies of the Lisbon and Colombo Bible. But another 

 process goes on, both in single and sejjarate tribes, that tends to divergence, 

 i.e., in their apjolying radical expressions to parallel and convertible ideas and 

 objects ; and confining oursel'ves to the regions over which this enquiry will 

 extend, we give below some examples of such as have taken place amongst the 

 various tribes scattered over the vast extent to which we are led. Thus, in 

 Malay, hunga is the radical exj^ression for flowers ; by parallel it is applied to 

 sparks — hunga ain, the flower of fire ; to rent hunga tannah, the flower of 

 land. Again, in Malay, hua is the radical expression for fruit ; by parallel it 

 becomes cannon balls — hua meriam, the fruit of cannon ; and by conversion it 

 becomes flowers in Maori, viz., ^wa. Again, in Malay, lima signifies five ; by 

 conversion it becomes lima, the hand, in Salayer, Salibabo, Cajeli, and Lariki, 

 tribes in the Moluccas ; and by parallel it becomes penglima, an admiral, or 

 hand of the sovereign. Finally, the word 7)iata in Malay and several other 

 languages, meaning the eye^ has extensive application in this manner : thus, 

 by parallel 7)iata ayer means a fountain, or eye of water ; 7iiata wang means 

 hard cash, or the eye of money ; mata hari means the sun, or the eye of the 

 day ; while, by conversion, the same word (mata J in Maori becomes the face. 

 It will be seen that these primitive people have dabbled a little in 

 political economy, for, while they call hua wang (the fruit of money) profit, 

 they call hunga wang (the flower of money) interest. Whether this be correct 

 science or not I ask the followers of Adam Smith to answer. So also, as 

 naturalists, while they call hua fruit, they call eggs by the same expression, 

 i.e., the fruit of fowls — a hint that even Darwin might not take exception to. 



Some illustrations of the application of radical expressions applied to parallel 

 or convertible ideas and objects : — 



IBuaJi or htia, fruit ; iuah raga, football ; iiiali pari, dice ; luah cJiatur, draughtsman ; 

 luaJi pelu, testiculi ; huah meriam, cannon balls ; anak huah, dependents of a cliief ; buah 

 ipermata, jewels ; sa huah nigri, one town ; sa huah ruma, one house ; sa huah Jcapal, one 

 ship ; luah tvang, profit, in Malay ; pua, flowers ; hua, eggs, in Maori. 



Bunga, flowers ; hunga pala, mace ; hunga Tcarang, coral ; hunga api, sparts ; hunga 

 wang, interest ; hunga tannah, rent, in Malay ; hunga nea, fruit, in Bolang-Mtam , 



KaM, feet ; Jcalci, legs ; clehaioah IcaTci, at your disposal, in Malay. 



Allah, the Almighty ; alah, to overcome, in Malay ; her allah, an idol, in Bajow. 



Sulu or ulu, the head of men or beasts, source of a river or of events, handle of a 

 sword or knife, interior of a country ; ulu-nian, aboriginal inhabitants ; hulu, feathers, 

 down, hair ; huhi mata, eyelashes ; hiduh, bamboo cane ; de hulu, before, in contradis- 

 tinction to de hlahang, behind ; j^:)ew^?f/«f, a leader or chief on land, in Malay ; huru hum, 

 coarse hair ; huru, brushwood, in Maori ; huru, feathers, in Liang ; huhi, feathers, and 

 uhu, hair, in Salayer. 



Lima, five ; penglima, a leader at sea (an admiral) ; lima, the hand, in Salayer, 

 Salibabo, Cajeli, and Lariki ; also, olima, in Bouton ; rilma, in Menado ; riina, in Bolang- 



