xliv 



Appendix. 



Tongan. 

 Abl. ]E au — by me. 



Meiate au — from m.e. 

 Meia au. 

 late au. 

 la au. 



The form and changes of the verb in 

 Tongan are exceedingly simple. In fact, it 

 may be said that there is but one conjuga- 

 tion for the regular verbs of every descrip- 

 tion ; but the auxiliary signs of the verb 

 vary in the past and future tenses. 



Euphonic terminations are a or i, and 

 ekina, eina, aJci, Ma, atii, and age ; as oku 

 ou tabu'i Tcoe. With slight exceptions 

 verbal roots undergo no changes in conju- 

 gation ; they are destitute of those in- 

 flexions which indicate moods, tenses, num- 

 ber, or person. The conjugation of the 

 Tongan verb is therefore accomplished by 

 the use of certain auxiliary signs, particles, 

 and words. Example : 



Conjugation of a Eegular Verb, 

 Alu — to go. Furgi — to go. 



1. Affirmative Form, 

 singular. 

 Olcu au alu — I go, or am going. 



Malaji. 

 are used under such circumstances respec- 

 tively. 



THIRD PERSON — He. 



Diia, before a verb ) t • ^■a; i.i 

 T,^- ' r, 1 > used mdmerently. 



Nia, after a verb \ •' 



The same sentiment prevails when speak- 

 ing of masters, fathers, etc. ; and the same 

 rule a^jplies in the third person. 



By the proper iise of the pronouns I have 

 seen the key to the goodwill of the ^allagers 

 effectually used. By a critical knowledge 

 in these, courtesy, contempt, arrogance, 

 love, candour, dissimulation, etc., can be 

 indicated. The natives have a keen per- 

 ception of the various shades of meaning. 



This is also the case with Malay verbs. 



Euphonic terminations occur in tau, taui 



— to know ; ajar, ajari — to learn ; etc. 



The other principal suffixes are kan and 

 an, as boat, boat-kan — to do. 



These remarks also apply to Malay, as 

 helow : 



Olcu ma alu 

 Olcu ta alu 



Olcu mau alu- 

 Ohu tau alu— 



we two go (exclusive) 

 (inclusive) 



-we go (ex.) 

 (in.) 



Ahu ada purgi — I go, etc. 



DUAL. 



Kita dua purgi — we two, etc. 

 PLURAL. 



Kita purgi — we go. 



Olcu ikai teu alu — I go not. 



Olcu ikai te ma alu — we two go not. 



Oku ikai te mau alu — we go not. 



Neu alu — I went. 



Naa ma aki — we two went. 



Naa mau alu — we went, 



Kuou alu — I have gone. 



Kiio ma alu — we two have gone. 



KtiQ mau aZw— we have gone. 



Negative Form, 

 singular. 



Aku tida purgi — I go, etc. 



DUAL. 



Kita dua tida purgi — we two, etc. 



PLURAL. 



Kita tida purgi — we go, etc. 



Past or Imperfect Tense, 

 singular. 



Aku suda purgi — I went. 

 DUAL. 



Kita dua suda purgi — we two went, 



PLURAL. 



Kita suda purgi — we went. 



Perfect and Pluperfect, 

 singular. 



Aku suda ada purgi — I have, etc. 

 DUAL. 



Kita dua suda ada purgi — we two, etc. 

 plural. 



Kita sudu ada pur<ji—yiQ have, etc. 



