liv INTEODUCTION 



division, as is the doubtfully native Sisijrinchium californicum. Eare 

 or characteristic species : — 



Matthiola sinuata, 2. Eumex maritimus, 3. 



Viola hirta, 5. Asparagus officinalis, 2. 



Geranium rotundifolium, 5. Juncus acutus, 4. 



Trigonella omitliopodioides, 5. Carex divisa, 2. 



TrifoUuni scabmm, 4. Glyceria Borreri, 2. 



Trifolium glomeratum, 2. Festuca uniglumis, 5. 



Omitliopus perpuslUus, 3. Elymus arenaiius, 5. 



Inula ciithmoides, 5. Equisetum Moorei, 2. 



Diotis candidissima, 2. Chara connivens, 1. 



Orobanclie major, 5. Chara canescens, 3. 

 Lamium Galeobdolon, 3. 



13. Carlow. 



South-eastern. Area 346 square miles. A small inland county, 

 barely touching tidal waters in the extreme south. The eastern 

 three-fourths are formed of granite, low and fertile except along 

 the SE. margin, where the bold Mount Leinster chain (2610 feet) 

 separates Carlow from "W'exford for 15 miles. In the west, a 

 band of Carboniferous hmestone runs north and south along the 

 Barrow valley, overlain on the western side by the high cultivated 

 lands of the Kilkenny coal-field. The river Slaney, in its upper 

 course, runs southward across the eastern part ; and in the west 

 the larger Barrow flows from north to south, passing through a 

 portion of the county, and forming the boundary for a long distance. 

 Natural lakes are absent. Of the few small bogs that once existed 

 in the south, only the dug-out sites remain, but the typical bog flora 

 still lingers there. Marshes are very few, and eskers unknown. A 

 fertile county, with 55 per cent, under grass, and 33 per cent, under 

 crops. Mountain land is less than 5 per cent. Flora tolerably com- 

 jpletely known, though exploration has been somewhat local, and 

 chiefly along the Barrow and Slaney, in the west and east. The 

 granite country in the centre is stiU only slightly explored. 



Flora 578 species, without any very marked features, Earest 

 IDlants : — 



iPicris hieracioides, 3. Campanula Traclielium, 4. Colchicum autumnale, 2. 



The second and fourth of these are characteristic of this portion 

 of Ireland. 



