CLAYS OF NEW YORK G9^ 



The following are some tests of ITaverstraw brick made by 

 M. Abbott at tlie time the East river bridge was being .completed, 

 ISTo packing was put between the brick and plate of testing machine. 



Crushing strength 



to the square inch 



PuauUs 



/ Maximum 3 060 



Whole brick tested on end -\ Minimum 1600 



'• Average 2 065 



r Maximum 4 153 



Half brick tested on flat side. . . < Minimum 2 669 



' Average 3 3Y1 



/ Maximum 6 400 



Half brick tested on edge } Minimum 2 900 



' Average 4 612 



Had the surfaces been ground parallel and cardboard or blotting 

 paper been put between the face of the brick and plate of machine, 

 higher results would no doubt have been obtained. 



Tliiells, Rockland co. About two miles south from Haverstraw 

 and half way between the stations of Ivy Leaf and Thiells, on the 

 JSTew York and JSTew Jersey railroad, is the brick yard of Felter & 

 Mather. The clay deposit is basin-shaped, about 15 feet thick, aa 

 determined by boring, and has a slightly elliptic outline. The 

 clay is chiefly of a blue color, the upper portion being weathered 

 to yellow. It is overlain by a few feet of drift containing small 

 boulders and underlain by similar material. The tempering sand 

 is obtained from a bank on the opposite side of the railroad about 

 1000 feet from the yard. Tempering is done in ring pits; the 

 bricks are molded in soft mud machines and dried on an open yard. 

 Burning is done in scove-kilns. The product is shipped to various 

 towns along the line of the railroad in ]N^ew Jersey. 



Cold.spring, Putnam co. A brick yard was in operation north 

 of this town for a number of years, but has been shut down on 

 account of the clay giving out. 



