CLAYS OF NEW YORK 699 



Port Ewen, Ulster co. S. D. Coykendall's yard lies near the 

 junction of Rondout creek and Hudson river. The bank is just 

 west of the yard. There is a considerable stripping of fine sand 

 and the clay slides quite easily. It is dug at any convenient point 

 of "the bank. The overlying sand can be used for tempering and 

 molding. Oil is used for burning the bricks. A short distance 

 farther south along the river is J. Kline's yard. He obtains his 

 clay from various points in the terrace escarpment and in some 

 cases hauls it nearly a quarter of a mile. Mr Kline has made 

 borings at various points along the river and the terrace and in the 

 escarpment in the vicinity of his yard, and says that at none of them 

 has he found over 18 feet of clay. Beneath it was hardpan. This 

 would seem to indicate that the central mass of the embankment is 

 rock, overlain by hardpan, and that on this the clay is laid down. 

 In many places the clay is covered by 10 to 20 feet of fine, strati- 

 fied sand. 



The following is an analysis of the blue clay near liondout 

 which is used for the manufacture of cciment. 



Silica 57 . 8 



Peroxid of iron and alumina 22 . 6 



Lime , 4.85 



Magnesia 2.07 



Water and alkalis 12 . 68 



100.00 



East Kingston, Ulster co. There are eight brick manufactur- 

 ing firms at this locality. Viz, Streeter & Hendricks, D. S. Manches- 

 ter, Brigham Bros., C. A. Schultz, A. S. Staples, R. Maine & Co., 

 Terry Bros, and W. Hutton. They all obtain their clay from the 

 terrace escarpment which extends from Glasco to Eondout. (For 

 thickness of clay see table.) At Streeter & Hendricks's yard the 

 clay lies some 300 j^ards from the river. They obtain their tem- 

 pering sand from Wilbur. Manchester's bank is similar.- At 



