CLAYS OF NEW YORK 718 



Western New Torh yards 



Canandaigua, Ontario co. The IS'ew York hydraulic brick co/s 

 works are aboxit three quarters of a mile southwest of the station; 

 their property adjoins the ISTew York Central railroad track. The 

 clay deposit, which covers several acres, is basin-shaped and has a 

 known depth of at least 20 feet. It is of a blue color, weathered to 

 red above, and on top of it is about a foot of peat. The clay after 

 being dug in the fall is stored under a shed till spring, when it ia 

 molded by a hydraulic dry press machine. The brick are set di- 

 rectly in the kilns, which are of the Graves type. The blue clay 

 burns buff and the other clay a red, so that by mixing the two a 

 speckled brick is obtained. This firm has not been in operation 

 very long. 



The upper clay is quite siliceous, as the following analysis shows, 

 and is similar in composition to the red terra cotta clay at Glens 

 Tails. The composition is as follows: 



Silica 62 . 23 



Alumina 16 . 01 



Peroxid of iron 6.96 



Lime 1 . 24 



Magnesia 2.21 



Alkalis 5.08 



Water (est.) 5.30 



99.03 



A physical test of this clay showed that it required 22^ of water 

 to work it up. The air shrinkage was 8^, and at incipient fusion it 

 was 15^, this point being at cone .05. The clay vitrified at cone .03, 

 with a total shrinkage of 16^, while viscosity began at cone 1. The 

 clay contains .15^ of soluble salts. The mechanical analysis gave: 



Clay substance and silt 79 . 55 



Fine sand 20.68 



100.23 



