724 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



and soft mud madiines are used. All the yards dry their brick on 

 pallets and burn them in stationary kilns, using coal fuel. One fire 

 is made to burn one, two or three arches, according to the construc- 

 tion of the kiln. The burning takes nine days. Buffalo and its 

 vicinity consume a large portion of the product. 



Je'wettville, Erie co. Brush & Schmidt started a brick yard at 

 this locality in 1892. It is situated along the Buffalo, Rochester 

 •and Pennsylvania railroad, about a quarter of a mile northwest of 

 the station (pi. 56). The material used is Hamilton shale. It is 

 of a grayish color and is easily worked. An opening has been 

 made next to the yard and at the same level. A black, gritty shale 

 crops out farther up on the hill, but this has not yet been used. 

 The shale is loaded on cars and run into the machine shed, where 

 it is crushed in a dry pan and then molded. The yard is equipped 

 with a Boyd dry press, and stiff mud machine. The dry press 

 bricks are dried in tunnels, and the others on brick floors. Special 

 shapes are molded in a hand power press. The burning is done 

 in up-draft kilns. 



Springhrooh, Erie co. There are extensive deposits of clay 

 and shale at Springbrook, on the land of E. B. ISTorthrup, but they 

 are not worked. 



Evans, Erie co. William Bolton has a horse power yard here. 

 The clay is a local deposit, chiefly blue in color, and the lower por- 

 tions are stratified. It is underlain by sand and hardpan. The 

 yard is run in accordance with the local demand for brick. 



Southern and eastern New York yards 

 Dunkirlc, Chautauqua co. William Hilton's yard is situated in 

 the valley, about a mile west of the town. The clay deposit is 

 about 20 feet thick, and is underlain by rock. The upper 6 feet 

 is yellow and below this is blue. Stones are found scattered 

 through the clay and have to be separated. The yellow clay gives 

 a better colored brick, while the blue clay shrinks more, but is said 

 to give a harder product. The blue clay obtained from the main clay 

 bank has to be tempered with sand; it has, however, not been much 



