CLAYS OF jN^EW YORK 725 



"used up to tlie present time. Eolls are used to crush the stones 

 and the clay is tempered in a pug mill. Mr Hilton uses a soft mud 

 machine of his own manufacture. The brick are dried on pallets — 

 the burning, which takes eight to 11 days, is done in scove-kilns. 

 Coke is used for water-smoking and coal for subseqoient firing. 

 Most of the brick are used in the vicinity. 



Jamestown, Chautauqua co. Two yards are in operation 4 

 miles east of this town, those of C. A. Morley and M. J. Mecusker 

 & Son. The two yards adjoin each other, and the deposit of clay 

 worked by them is of considerable size. In addition to brick, 

 Mecusker & Son make drain tile and hollow brick. The clay de- 

 posit is basin-shaped. A boring near the water works showed: 



Yellow sand 4 feet 



Quicksand 6 inches 



Yellow clay 5 feet 



Blue clay 70 " 



Hard pan 



The Jamestown shale pa^ing brick works are mentioned under 

 " Paving brick " and " Shales ". 



Randolph, Cattavaugus co. J. Turner owns a brick clay deposit 

 at this town, but has cease:! working it. 



liorncllsville, Steuben co. Thvj Hornellsville brick and tile co. 

 Las its works at the north end of the town, which have been run- 

 ning one season. It uses a Chemung shale for making brick, and 

 lias turned its attention thus far to paving brick. The shale is 

 mined about a mile from the works. It contains several thin layers 

 of sandstone which can not be used. The process as followed here 

 consists of grinding the shale in a dry pan, molding in a stiff mud, 

 side-cut machine ".nd then repressing. Drying takes about 24 

 hours, and is done in chambers heated by a hot blast. Burning is 

 done in down-draft cupola kilns and takes seven to 10 days. The 

 p?\ing brick are in extensive use in Elmira. 



