CLAYS OF NEW TORE! 731 



This clay is one of tlie few very calcareous ones that are used in 

 JSTew York state. It is very plastic and gritty, and dries to a hard 

 dense mass. When worked np from the air-dried condition it takea 

 22^ of water. The bricklets shrink 5^ in air drying — the air-dried 

 briquettes show a tensile streng-th of from 105 to 1Y5 pounds the 

 square inch, with an average of 118 pounds, which is very fair. 



Incipient fusion occurs at cone .05, with a shrinkage of 8^; 

 vitrification at once .02, with 10^ shrinkage, while viscosity began 

 at cone .01. The clay bums buff, which turns to greenish yellow 

 on vitrifying. Soluble salts, .5^, 



Homer, Cortland co. The brick yard at this locality belongs 

 to Horace Hall of Cortland. His clay bed underlies the ilat lands 

 near the village of Homer; and is from 3 to 5 feet thick. Quick- 

 sand underlies the clay; overlying it is a dark soil ,2 to 6 inches 

 thick. The clay is of a bluish color. 



Binghamton, Broome co'. There are twO' yards in this town, 

 viz, Wells & Brio'ham's and the Offden brick co.'s. Their clav beds 

 are similar, both being shallow deposits 6 to 8 feet thick, underlain 

 by sand and gravel. The former of the two is a pallet yard, the 

 other uses a tunnel drier. Their product is consumed locally. 



Brookfield, Madison co. The Brookiield brick co. is the only 

 firm manufacturing brick at this locality. 



Oneonia, Otsego co: Two firms are manufacturing brick at 

 this locality, J. Denton & Son, and Crandall & Marble. The 

 works of the latter firm are situated on the Albany and Susque- 

 hanna railroad near the village of Oneonta. Two kinds of clay 

 are used; one of them from a bank, 5 to 20 feet in thickness, the 

 other from a surface deposit 3 to 5 feet in depth. The latter bed 

 is underlain by sand. The product is consumed by the local 

 market. 



Ooshen, Orange co. P. Hayne has a clay deposit 55 feet deep, 

 underlain by black gravel. There is a slight stripping of sod. Both 

 drain tile and brick are made from the clay. 



