742 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



clay became incipiently fused; the color was yellowisli white. At 

 the latter it had deepened in color, and began to assume a reddish 

 hue on the approach of vitrification. It fused at cone 10. 



This clay is used for making front brick by the dry press process.' 

 It is doubtful however if it would work in a stiff mud machine 

 without tearing as it issued from the die. 

 The clay contains .16 fo of soluble salts. 



The following analysis was made by H. Hies, from a sample col- 

 lected in 1899 



Silica 60 . 20 



Alumina 23 . 07 



Terric oxid 1 . 45 



Lime 1.20 



Magnesia ' tr 



Alkalis 3.05 



Loss on ign 10 . 10 



99. OY 



Staten Island has twO' yards where commion brick are raanu^ 

 factured. One belongs to McC'abe Bros, at Greenridge. Their 

 deposit is a stony glacial clay of a red color, and lies tO' the north- 

 west of the yard. Small boulders are scattered sparingly through 

 it; the upper portion is soinewh^t loamy. Borings have penetrated 

 the clay tO' a depth of 25 feet and stratification appears with the 

 depth. ]Sro sand or coal is added to the clay in tempering. It is 

 first passed through rolls 2 feet in diameter, the one making 60, the 

 other 600 revolutions a minute, and having an opening of half an 

 inch. This partially breaks up the stones. The crushed material 

 falls on a belt and is carried up to a pug mill, where the water is 

 added before it passes to the machine. Drying the bricks is done 

 either in the sun or in tunnels. In the latter the bricks shrink 

 more. The tunnels are heated by coal fires. Wood is used for 

 burning. The kiln settles about 4 inches. The products go to 

 'New York city and the vicinity. 



