CLAYS OF NEW YOKK Y43 



Wood & Keenan's yard is situated on tlie shore of Arthurs kill, 

 opposite Carteret. It is an open yard of greater capacity than its 

 output. The clay is of the same character as McCabe's. It is 

 tough and has to he worked with picks. The pit is about 10 feet 

 deep. Ring pits are used for tempering and the bricks are burnt 

 with wood. 'New York city and ITewark are the chief markets. 



The New York Anderson pressed brick co. has its works at 

 Kreischerville adjoining Kreischer's fire brick factory. Various 

 styles of ornamental and pressed brick are made. The clay is ob- 

 tained from a pit near Greenridge. It is of a black and gray color. 

 The pit is worked in benches, the clay being hoisted in buckets and 

 loaded on cars which are nm down to the works. 



The works have not been in operation for several years. 



Paving brick 



The total number of pa.ving brick produced in the United States 

 in 1897 was 435,851,000, valued at $3,582,037. Of this amount 

 IsTew York produced 28,145,000, valued at $309,564, an average 

 price of $11 a thousand. 



One reason that paving brick have not been made in greater 

 quantities is that jSTew York lies in a region abundantly supplied 

 with stone which can be used for the same purpose. JSTevertheless 

 many cities of the state have adopted brick pavements, among them 

 Binghamton, Lockport, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Troy, Water- 

 town, Ithaca, Coming, Elmira, Dunkirk, Jamestown, Tonawanda, 

 [Niagara Falls, and Brooklyn. Paving brick were formerly made 

 only of fijL'e clay, and indeed this was considered the only material 

 fit to be used. At the present time however the material most used 

 is either shale or clay (preferably the former) which burns to a 

 vitrified body. 



The clays used should have sufiicient fluxing impurities to enable 

 them to burn to a dense impervious body at a moderate tempera- 

 ture. The following average composition is given by Wheeler for 

 a piaving brick clay, being deduced from 50 sources.-^ 



1 Vitrified paving brick. 1895. Indianapolis. 



