CLAYS OF NEW TOKK 759 



A cornice modillion made by the iN'ortliwesterii terra cotta co. 

 was braced on a jB.mi support, in a horizontal position, the portion 

 which would project beyond the wall being free of course. At the 

 wall line this modillion was 11-| inches high, 8 inches wide on its 

 face, and projected 2 feet. It carried a weight of more than 2 

 tons without breaking. 



A smaller modillion made by the ISTew York architectural terra 

 cotta company was similarly tested. It was 5^ inches high, 6 

 inches wide at wall line and had a projection of 14 inches. Allow- 

 ing the same thickness of shell (for these modillions are hollow),, 

 the second would have about half the sectional area, but more than 

 half the projection of the first. It was loaded in a similar manner, 

 and finally broke at the wall line under a weight of 2650 pounds. 

 Another bracket made in the same mold was loaded with 2400 

 pounds and sustained this weight without breaking. A slightly 

 larger bracket made from a different clay was loaded with 3200 

 pounds of pig iron without yielding. 



The relative resistance of terra cotta and stone to fire was re- 

 cently tested in an interesting manner. Cubes of granite, sand- 

 stone, limestone and marble, and terra cotta cubes of corresponding 

 color were taken; all eight were placed in the hottest portion of 

 the kiln. When thoroughly heated they were withdrawn, and 

 the stone cubes allowed to cool slightly and then immersed in 

 water, while those of terra cotta were plunged directly into water.'' 

 The result is here given. 



Granite Cracked, and melted superficially 



Sandstone Crumbled 



Limestone and marble Calcined 



Terra cotta Intact ; two very slightly cracked 



Terra cotta clays 



Staten Island. The clays mined for this purpose in the pits of 

 B. Kreischer's Sons have been mentioned under fire clays. 



In addition to that clay, much is also quarried by T. Ryan near 

 Eoseville. This is a sandy, somewhat ferruginous clay, and is 



1 T. Cusack, Brickbuilder, Jan. 1899. p. 14. 



