CLAYS OF NEW YOKK TYl 



It is considered by many that tlie best form of tile is tbe sole 

 tile with an egg-shaped section having the smallest diameter across 

 the bottom, which keeps the water collected in the smallest possible 

 space and secures a good current to carry off the sediment. The 

 horseshoe tile is objected to, as it is liable to break from the 

 lateral pressure of the soil. In Westchester co. glazed sewer 

 pipe are generally used for draining the soil, but it is doubtful 

 if there is any special advantage to warrant the use of this more 

 expensive material. In size the tiles range from 2 to 12 inches 

 in diameter and 1 to 2 feet in length. They are laid at varying 

 distances below the surface, according to the depth the ground is to 

 be drained. A drain is said to draw water from the soil on either 

 side for a distance of from 30 to 100 feet, according to depth of 

 drain and character of soil. 



The following firms in this state are making drain tile. 



Albany J Albany co. The ISTew York state drain tile works are 

 large producers. The drain tile are made in numerous sizes. 

 Hudson river clay is used. Front brick are manufactured. 



Chittenango, Madison co. Central IST. Y. drain tile and brick 

 CO. Only tile manufactured at present. The plant is situated 

 about 1 mile from the ISTew York Central railroad, and three 

 quarters of a mile from the West Shore railroad, a few rods south 

 of the Erie canal. The clay bed lies at the foot of the hill. There 

 is no stripping, and sand underlies the clay. The tiles are made 

 mth horse power machinery, dried under sheds and burned in 

 down-draft kilns. 



AllensJiill, Ontario co. B. G. Abbey's are the only works here. 

 ITew brick have been manufactured for several years, as drain tile 

 is the chief production. After stripping a few inches of soil 

 the clay is mixed from top to bottom of the bank for use. The 

 bank is 20 to 25 feet in hight, and the clay is blue in color, be- 

 coming reddish gray near the surface. A small amount of coal 

 dust is added to the clay. The tiles are made of various sizes. 



JEast Bethany, Genesee co. B. F. Peck manufactures brick and 

 drain tile. The clay deposit worked is a portion of a strip 1 to 



