CLAYS OF KEW YORK 805 



ally works tlie mass up into tlie desired form. After being shaped, 

 the object is then detached from the wheel by running a thin wire 

 underneath it, and it is set aside to dry. Crocks, jugs, and similar 

 articles are turned. This is the method almost invariably em- 

 ployed for molding earthenware and frequently employed in form- 

 ing stoneware articles. An expert potter is able to turn jars of very 

 large size. 



Jollying or jigging. This is a more rapid method than turning. 

 The clay to be used for this purpose is tempered to a much softer 

 consistenc}^. The jolly is a wheel fitted with a hollow head to 

 receive the plaster mold, whose interior is of the same shape as the 

 exterior of the object to be molded. A lump of clay is placed in 

 the revolving mold and is gradually forced up around the sides of 

 the latter by means of the fingers. A metallic arm, or templet, as 

 it is called, is then brought down into the mold and severs to shape 

 the interior of the object. Cups, crocks, jugs, pitchers and even 

 wash basins can be molded in this manner. Articles with tapering 

 necks are generally jollied in two parts, which are subsequently 

 cemented together with slip. Handles are generally stamped out 

 separately and subsequently fastened on the article. 



A modification of jollying, used for making plates and saucers, 

 consists in having a plaster mold whose surface has the same shape 

 as the interior of the object to be molded. The potter's assistant 

 takes a piece of clay of the desired size, and pounds it into a flat 

 cake, called a " bat ", which is laid on the mold, he then shapes the 

 other side or bottom of the plate by pressing a wooden templet of 

 the proper profile against it as it revolves. 



Ewers and vessels of oval or elliptic section are usually made 

 by means of sectional molds, consisting of twO' or three pieces whose 

 inner surface conforms to the outer' surface of the object to be 

 molded. A slab of clay is laid in each section and carefully 

 pressed in.. The mold is then put together and the seams carefully 

 smoothed with a wet sponge. After drying for a few hours the 

 parts of the mold are lifted off. Clocks, lamps, picture frames, 



