CLAYS OF NEW TOEK 



817 



" print " is really a relatively thick line of color ; just in proportion 

 as the engraver cuts deeply into tlie plate, so is the quantity of color 

 " taken up ". ISTow " undergiaze plates " are cut much more deeply 

 than " enamels ", and if the " transfer " or printed paper is ex- 

 amined under a microscope the undergiaze prints are seen to con- 

 sist of raised (as we have previously said), relatively thick ridges of 

 color, laid with the point of the ridge uppermost. It is this depth 

 or strength of cutting that enables the undergiaze prints to produce 

 their strong patterns, for, owing to the action of the glaze, if only 

 a thin film of color, as in chromolithography, were applied to the 

 ware, the decoration would be so faint as scarcely to be visible. 

 The number of colors which have a strong staining power when 

 applied only in a thin coat is small. This is the chief difficulty. 

 At present the best chromolithographic work is done by the French, 

 and by 'some Staffordshire potters. 



New York stoneware clays 



Deposits of clay suitable for the manufacture of stoneware are 

 found on Staten Island and Long Island. Those of Staten Island 

 are at Kreischerville. The Long Island clays are found at Elm 

 point, on Greatneck, at Glencove, and Littleneck, near ISTorth- 

 port. They have been shipped to a number of points, including 

 Poughkeepsie, Rochester, Utica, in ISTew York; also to ISTew Haven, 

 Stamford, ISTorwalk and Hartford, Ct., ISTewark, IST. J., and 

 Pittston, Pa. 



Most of the Long Island clays are rather sandy in their nature; 

 consequently they have been found well adapted to mix with the 

 "New Jersey clays in order to prevent the latter from cracking in 

 burning. The sandy nature of the Long Island clays makes it 

 difiicult to turn many of them alone on the potter's wheel. 



Elm point. A deposit has been worked for many jears at a 

 poinft! about one and a half miles north west of Great neck, but the 

 pit is no longer in operation, though the supply of clay does not 

 appear to have given out, as a considerable amount of it is still to 

 be seen outcropping along the shore at several points to both north 



