840 NEW YORK STATE MUSEITM 



shale is argillaceous and contains occasional layers of sandstone, 

 which are discarded in the quarrying. A siding runs into the 

 quarry, so that the material can be easily loaded and then shifted 

 over to the works. 



A sample of this shale gave the following results : water required 

 for mixing, 18^; plasticity somewhat lean; air shrinkage, 2^; shrink- 

 age at cone .05, 3^, with clay incipiently fused; vitrification at 

 cone 1; viscosity at 3-4. The soluble salts amounted to .3^. 



An analysis of the shale made by H. Hies gave: 



Silica 58 . 10 



Alumina 17 . 50 



Ferric oxid 6.00 



Lime , 4.50 



Magnesia 2.88 



Alkalis 4.15 



Water 5.90 



Total . . 99.03 



Horseheads. An opening has been made on the north side of 

 the valley along the Elmira, Cortland and IsTorthem railroad, to 

 supply shale for the manufacture of common brick. The quaxry 

 face is about 20 feet high and shows the shale to be mostly gray, 

 with occasional yellow layers due to weathering. 



The shale deposits of ISTew York are destined to play an im- 

 portant role in the future. They form an inexhaustible source of 

 supply, easily located, adapted as present work shows, to a wide 

 range of uses. The products now made from them are common and 

 pressed brick, paving brick, roofing tile, terra cotta, sewer pipe and 

 fireproofing. 



From the tests cited above it will be seen that the shales used 

 compare very favorably with the requirements of a paving brick 

 material. Most of them are slightly more silicious than the average 



