472 ' NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Towner pond is held up by an artificial dam sixteen feet high, 

 the original pond being a small solution basin in the limestone at 

 the eastern end of the present pond. The artificial dam has resulted 

 in drowning several tributary valleys. At its principal inlet is a fall 

 and a small natural bridge over crystalline limestone [pi. 6]. 

 This fall is postglacial. East of the pond, surface drift is abundant, 

 some true till being present [pi. 7]. No well data are available, 

 but the topography suggests an eastward preglacial outlet. 



The valley leading westward towards Overshot pond is filled with 

 much drift, mainly sand and gravel. Several ridges of terminal 

 morainic aspect are present, running in a general east and west direc- 

 tion. There were no cuts into these ridges. To the west, at the 

 end of the trail, the valley broadens out in a manner ' abnormal for 

 the upstream part of a small creek. A sand flat fills the bottom 

 of this basin. No lake shore features were found about this flat; 

 it probably represents a lake whose life was of short duration. 



Ticonderoga. Three miles north of Chilson is a line of kames,^ 

 extending southwest for a mile and crossing the angle of the main 

 road where it turns westward. A cut across one of these shows 

 the material to be sand, the bedding highly inclined. Emmons in 

 his report refers to the ridge. Immediately south of this ridge lies 

 a swamp, its flat extending about a mile in each direction, inclosed on 

 three sides by gneissic hills, on the fourth by the ridge of kames. 

 Its outlet cuts across the kame belt and cascades westward through 

 a postglacial valley into Putnam creek. The probable history of 

 the drainage in this region is illustrated in the diagrams [fig. 1-3]. 

 Figure i represents the normal river valley which would result were 

 all Potsdam deposits, faults and glacial drift removed. Figure 2 

 represents the same region after the Potsdam deposits had filled the 

 valley and the work of reexcavating had only partly followed the old 

 channels; the basins of Putnam pond. North pond. Rock pond and 

 Bear pond had been added by faulting. Figure 3 represents the 



^A kame is a hill or short ridge of stratified glacial drift. Kames were 

 formed at the edge of the ice, of material which had been transported by the 

 ice, deposited by water issuing from the ice. 



