ANSrrVEESART ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. xlvii 



Eihinoceros, Hippopotamus, Sus, Equus, several species of Ante- 

 lope, Bos, Crocodiles, Tortoises, and Fish, 



But tlie most important work undertaken by Dr. Falconer and 

 Capt. Cautley was the publication of the great work entitled 

 "Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis," published under the patronage of 

 the Grovernment and the India House. It was intended to illus- 

 trate fully the fossils of the Sewalik Hills. The plates of nine 

 parts were brought out between 1844 and 1847, but the letter- 

 press was greatly in arrear, and, having been stopped in conse- 

 quence of Dr. Falconer's return to India on the expiry of his 

 leave, has never been resumed. 



In 1848 Dr. Falconer was appointed Superintendent of the 

 Calcutta Botanical Grarden, and Professor of Botany in the Me- 

 dical College ; in 1850 he visited the Tenasserim provinces to 

 examine the teak forests, and subsequently contributed to the 

 introduction of the Cinchona plant into India. In the spring of 

 1855 he retired from the Indian sernce, and returned to England, 

 with his health greatly impaired by the eifects of his hard labours 

 and exposu.re to an Indian climate. Ever since that period he 

 has been an active member of our Society, and an ardent inves- 

 tigator of Tertiary mammalian geology. Scarcely had he returned 

 to England when he communicated to this Society a very import- 

 ant paper " On the Species of Mastodon and Elephant occurring 

 in the Fossil state in England." Unfortunately only the first part 

 of this paper, namely on Mastodon, has as yet been published. 

 His object was to ascertain what are the species of Mastodon and 

 Elephant found fossil in Britain, what ought to be their specific 

 names, and what are the localities where they are found, as well as 

 to remedy the almost chaotic confusion which had crept into the 

 nomenclature of these proboscidian Pachydermata, by pointing out 

 the distinctive characters of the several species of Mastodon and 

 Elephas. The following are the conclusions at which he arrived, 



1. That the Mastodon-remains which have been met with in 

 the " Fluvio-marine Crag" and " Eed Crag" belong to a Plio- 

 cene form, Mastodon Arvernensis. 



2. That the Mammalian Fauna of the Fluvio-marine Crag 

 bears all the characters of a Pliocene age, and is identical with 

 the Subapennine Pliocene Fauna of Italy. 



3. That the E-ed and Fluvio-marine Crags, tested by their Mam- 

 malian fauna, must be considered as beds of the same geological 



Following up these investigations, and having come to the con- 

 clusion that the mammalian fauna of the Pliocene age must be 

 distinguished from that of the Quaternary period of Europe, he 

 was naturally led to the examination of the Cave-fauna of Eng- 

 land. In 1860 he communicated to the Society a Memoir on the 

 ossiferous caves of Grower. The existence oi Elephas antiqims and 

 JRhinoceros liemitceclius, as belonging to the same fauna, was thus 

 for the first time established, and the age of that fauna defined 

 as posterior to the boulder-clay or glacial period. At the same 



