96 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIET?. 



side of the fault, and the Downton Sandstone on the south side, in 

 which the Wenlock Shale is in contact with the Old Eed Marl, and 

 through the interval the railway emerges from the tunnel. Imme- 

 diately north of this fault there are three smaller faults, which meet 

 the former at an acute angle, and carry the May Hill Sandstone, 

 Woolhope Limestone, and Wenlock Shale forward in the same direc- 

 tion; and still further to the north, from near the middle ventilating- 

 shaft of the tunnel, there is a fourth, which crosses the turnpike- 

 road beneath a cottage, and then run's down the little valley in the 

 direction of Brock Hill. By these faults the Wenlock Limestone is 

 carried entirely to the west of the tunnel to beneath the turnpike- 

 road which runs along its south-eastern margin. 



These faults, as well as the one previously noticed nearer West 

 Malvern, appear to owe their origin to the upthrust of the meta- 

 morphic rocks of the hills pressing the Silurian beds off laterally, in 

 order to make room for their increased breadth and mass at these 

 particular parts ; and to the same cause must be attributed the re- 

 - versal of the dip observable in many places between Swinyards HiU 

 and West Malvern. 



At the constricted portion of the range immediately north of the 

 Wind's Point, the hills are crossed by a line of brecciated rock, 

 indicating a fault, which is probably continued down the ravine in a 

 north-westerly direction, as a suclden reversal of the dip in the 

 Wenlock Limestone on the road to Evendine Street, besides the 

 configuration of the surface, renders the occurrence of this fault 

 highly probable. 



A nearly parallel fault passes down the ravine which separates 

 the Wind's Point from the Herefordshire Beacon. The existence of 

 this fault is not determined merely from the change in the strike of 

 the beds previously mentioned, but also from the position of the 

 lower purple beds of the May Hill Sandstone, in the rear of Mr. 

 Johnson's house, at a higher elevation than the top of the series on 

 the western side of the hill. 



The only remaining fault which it will be necessary to mention 

 occurs on the Avestern foot of the Herefordshire Beacon. Its north- 

 ern extremity is in connexion with the fault last mentioned, and its 

 southern termination is somewhere below AValm's Well. This fault 

 is caused by the upthrust of the metamorphic rocks of the Beacon 

 carrying the Upper Silurian rocks before them, and bringing up the 

 altered HoUybush Sandstone and Black Shale, from which the whole 

 of the Upper Sihman beds have been subsequently denuded. The 

 May Hill Sandstone and Woolhope Limestone are thereby entirely 

 cut out on the western side of the Beacon, and the crystalline 

 rocks are brought into contact with the AYcnlock Shale. 



The other system of faults occurs along the eastern base of the 

 range, extending from the Severn between Newnham and Purton 

 Passage, on the south, to Abberly and beyond it on the north. These 

 faults have brought down the Keuper marls and sandstones, and 

 with them the Lias, which both at Borrow Hill, distant less than 

 two miles, and at Corse AYood Hill, about four miles off, is entirely 



