35 

 52 

 41 



1864.] HAAST CANTERBXJPvY, NEW ZEALAND, 135 



Wanaka glacier j . . . 48 miles. 



Hawea „ 50 



Akuriri „ 25 



Ohau „ 40 



Pukaki „ 50 



Takago „ 48 



The last four formed, before the Pleistocene epoch, a still larger 

 glacier, which I shall call the Waitangi glacier, and traces of which 

 are still visible far down the Waitangi. 



Waitangi glacier 78 miles. 



Rangitata ,, 40 ,, 



Rangitata ,, branch into Ash- 

 burton Valley . 



Rokaia „ 52 



Rokaia „ branch into Ash- 

 burton Valley . 



The position of the summits of the central chain, where the glacier 

 sources of the river Waimakariri lie, is not yet ascertained. 



Thus these Pleistocene glaciers were not much longer than those 

 still existing in Thibet, as shown by Captain Godwin-Austen, and 

 they a7'e inferior in size to those of a Pleistocene age in the same 

 region, of which the same observer has traced the moraine-deposits 

 for one hundred miles. 



Appendix. 

 Note on the Climate of the Pleistocene epoch, of Neiu Zealand. 



[Read January 25, 1865 ; but printed as an Appendix to the preceding paper 

 by order of the Council.] 



The investigations mentioned in the preceding papers have led 

 me to the conclusion that the enormous glaciation of New Zealand 

 in Pleistocene times was caused principally by the existence of 

 extensive plateau-like mountain-ranges, lying above the line of 

 perpetual snow ; and that since, no sensible change in the climatal 

 conditions had taken place, if we except a probable rise in the alti- 

 tude of the perpetual snow-line from a different orographical con- 

 figuration, caused by the ridge-making action of the glaciers. 



In this view I have been confirmed by finding at several localities 

 bones of Dinornis and Palapteryx, either among the Pleistocene 

 terminal and lateral moraines themselves, or in the lacustrine deposits, 

 formed immediately after these huge glaciers had retreated. The 

 position of the bones convinced me at once that they occurred in 

 the localities where they had originally been deposited, and not in 

 reassorted (remanie) strata. 



The two principal species, of which bones are frequently found, 

 are Dinornis robustus and Palapteryx inr/ens, both of large size, and 

 probably omnivorous, like the present Wek a (Oeydromus Anstrcdis) ; 

 although the enormous size and strength of their claws point more 



