1865.] 



JAMIESON LAST CHANGES IN SCOTLAND, 



185 



the skeleton of a whale was got at Blair Drummond. I have also 

 seen a stratum of peat, containing remains of trees below the raised 

 estuarine mud of the Ythan in Aberdeenshire, the clay above it con- 

 taining remains of Scrobicidaria piperata and other estnarine shells. 

 This was exposed in cutting a deep drain near the village of New- 

 burgh ; there was a thickness of 8 feet of clay and silt above the 

 peat in some places (see fig. 10). 



Fig. 8. — Section near Aherneiliy. 



-^. 



Eiver Earn. 



'"°^i-^^^^^^4^sj inTmiTrirrmMillllllliiiiiliiiiiiil^ 



1 . Boulder-earth. 2. Bed of peat, with remains of trees. 



3. Carse, or old estuarine mud of the Tay. 



Fig. 9. — Diagram showing the relations of the superficial Deposits 

 at Blair Drummond, in the Yalley of the Forth. 



1. Sandstone-rock. 



2. Glacial beds. 



3. Peat with remains of trees. 



4. Oarse-clay with bones of the Whale. 



5. Peat, with roots of oak-trees at the bot- 

 tom, and remains of an old wooden 

 road. 



I by no means deny the existence of drift-peat, for I am well 

 aware that rivers flowing through mosses often float away great 

 lumps of peat, as I have myself seen, but this need not blind us to 

 the fact that there are also tracts of submerged peat, with remains 

 of forest-trees, that have not been drifted, but lie where they grew. 

 I believe, therefore, that this extensive bed beneath the Carse of 

 Tay, together with the others I have mentioned, represents a land- 

 surface of the period preceding the deposition of the old estuarine 

 mud, and that it is not a mere local phsenomenon, but mU be found 

 in the same geological position along many other parts of the coast. 

 The submarine forest on the coast of Lincolnshire, explored by Sir 

 Joseph Banks and Dr. Correa de Serra, appears to belong to the 

 same period, for in some places there is said to be sixteen feet of 



