234 PROCEEDINGS OP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Feb. 8, 



on the north on the road to Blubber Houses, covered by Nos, 8 and 9 

 at Acton Houses, and equally well on the S.E. at Pannal. By these 

 outcrops the other parts of the section may be adjusted. 



I regard this Millstone -grit as probably the lowest of three bands 

 (namely, the grit of Ingieborough, Penyghent, and Pendle Hill), 

 having poor Coal-measures above it, with Stigmarian grits and shales. 

 I have not determined whether it is the same grit (g), raised by 

 faults, which sinks down to the Nid through the picturesque grounds 

 of Hampsthwaite, or that the shelly subcalcareous stone (/) which was 

 cut through in the railway under the vUlage of Clint, appearing again 

 at Padside, west of Dacre, and at Hartwith, on the road from Eipley 

 to Pateley Bridge, belongs to the Follifoot beds. I suppose not*. 



The beds here called roadstone are calcareous according as they 

 contain Crinoids or Shells. Crinoidal fragments abound in the lowest 

 Harrogate roadstone. Crinoids, Producti, Stropliomeno!, Ooniatites, 

 and Euomphali occur in the upper or PoUifoot bands. In these 

 latter bands, about the year 1800, W. Smith found a remarkable 

 discoid shell (which formed part of his collection, now in the British 

 Museum), with a row of nodules on each side. Tbe Pannal band is 

 cherty and slightly crinoidal. I am rather of opinion that the Har- 

 rogate band corresponds to the main or 12-fathom hmestone at the 

 top of the Yoredale series : all these limestones lose themselves in 

 cherty or sandy representatives as we go to the east and south. On 

 the line of the Harrogate antichnal we have several mineral springs, 

 in each of which the essential bases seem to be chloride of sodium, 

 with sulphates of lime, soda, &c. Several of them issue through peaty 

 deposits, and there probably undergo the usual change when sul- 

 phates come into contact with decomposing vegetable matter and 

 release the sulphuretted hydrogen, for which particular springs are 

 remarkable at Harrogate. One general subterranean source, deter- 

 mined by the axis of dislocation, and subdivided toward the surface 

 into several branches, which follow the fissures of the rocks, and 

 there meet with various local conditions, seems enough to explain 

 the diversity of the waters of Harrogate, Starbeck, and Bilton. 



Another point deserves attention. Pew rocks are more vari- 

 able in composition, while regular in sequence, than the Lower 

 Permian sandstones and shales. Where the sequence is immediate 

 from the upper Coal-measures to the Permian beds, as in Dur- 

 ham, North Stafi^ordshu-e, and part of Yorkshire and Derbyshire, 

 the analogy of the two sets of strata is considerable, even if 

 they do not exchange beds. But in this part of Yorkshire the 

 Permian beds are in no sense or manner conformed to the Coal- 

 system or to any part of it. They are strictly transgressive, and 

 very much so, resting on extremely different members of the great 

 Carboniferous system, and of very different age. In this par- 

 ticular district the Millstone -grit probably underwent enormous 

 waste after the anticlinal was formed, and before the Permian beds 

 were deposited. These Permian beds of coarse and fine purple 

 sandstone are full of the detritus of Millstone -grit. The felspar is 

 * See Geology of Yorkshire, vol. ii. p. 58, &c. 



