1865.] HARKNESS CFMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. 241 



Cumberland side of this stream. On the south-east side of Crow- 

 dundle, the country, for about three-quarters of a mile, is compa- 

 ratively flat ; but the surface is curiously intersected by small, shal- 

 low, sinuous valleys, many of which are dry. There is, however, a 

 fine section laid open in this flat area by a stream called Middle 

 Tongue Beck, which flows from the south-east into the Crow- 

 dundle. 



This section exposes a fine series of Upper Skiddaw slates, con- 

 torted, but on the whole dipping N.N.W. under the porphyries of 

 Grumpley Hill. These soft shaly Upper Skiddaw slates have in them 

 the masses with the " cone-in-cone " so common to this portion of the 

 series in the Lake-country. They have also cleavage highly deve- 

 loped ; and Graptolites characteristic of the Skiddaw slates occur in 

 them. The flat area which they occupy is known as Milburn 

 Pasture ; but on the south-east of it the Skiddaw slates attain an 

 elevation of 1400 feet above the level of the sea, forming here 

 Bumey Hill. 



A stream known as Milburn Beck, or as Knock-one-Gill Beck, 

 flows from the Pennine escarpment and along the south-east side 

 of Burney HiU. 



In one spot, about a mile north-east of Milburn Grange, this 

 stream cuts a fine section in the rocks on the south side of Burney 

 Hill. Here also we have the upper shales of the Skiddaw slates, 

 with " cone-in-cone " masses exposed ; and here the dip is opposite 

 to that seen in Middle Tongue Beck, or S.S.E. A short distance 

 below this, in the course of Milburn Beck at Swineside, a mass of 

 yellowish porphyry comes on, and, continuing down the stream, 

 forms its bed to near Milburn Grange. This porphyry also has a 

 great affinity to some of those which occur near the base of the 

 green rocks of the Lake-country. 



South-east from Milburn Beck the country exhibits a very broken 

 surface, the hills having the prominent conical outline before al- 

 luded to. Of these, Knock Pike (1306 feet) presents itself on the 

 south side of Milburn Beck. The northern, western, and southern 

 slopes of this hill are clothed Avith fine grass, but the eastern side is 

 somewhat craggy and abounds in debris. The rocks and debris on 

 this side afford a clear insight into the composition of this hill. 

 Porphyry, similar to that at Swineside, is the constituent rock of 

 Knock Pike ; it crosses the valley on the north-east side of the 

 Pike, and forms a hill called Flagdaw (1355 feet), which has a con- 

 tour similar to Knock Pike. From Flagdaw this rock extends 

 north-eastwards, passing under the Upper Palaeozoic rocks of the 

 Pennine escarpment. 



To the south-east of Knock Pike is a stream called Swindale 

 Beck, which, after leaving the Pennine escarpment, flows over por- 

 phyry similar to that of Knock Pike. As it approaches the village of 

 Knock the character of its bed becomes altered, the rocks consisting 

 of purple and green slaty masses, dipping S.S.E., reposing on the 

 porphyry of Knock Pike, but passing under the rocks which com- 

 pose Dufton Pike. These purple and green slates of ST\'indalc Beck 



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