1865.] HARKNESS — CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. 243 



Sandstones by the Great Pennine Fault. The fossils which occjir 

 in these dark shales, although not very numerous in species, are 

 very characteristic forms, and are as follows : — Stenopora fibrosa 

 (branching variety), Crinoid stems, Lingula ovata, Leptvena sericea, 

 Ortliis testiidinana, 0. calligramma, 0. alternata, Modiolopsis orbi- 

 cularis, Bellerophon bilobatus, OrtJioceras Brongniartii, Tentaculites 

 annulatvs, Beyrichia strangidata, Trimocleus concentricus, Calymene 

 Blumenbacliii, Homalonotus bisidcatus, Lichas laxatus, and Ampyx 

 mammillatus* . 



To the south-east of Harthwaite Syke the outline of the country 

 differs widely from the gently undulating area lying between this 

 small stream and the south-east base of Dufton Pike. The coun- 

 try becomes hilly, and the low hills again assume a conical form. 



One of these hills, called Gregory, lying a short distance from 

 Harthwaite Dyke, has a porphyritic nature, and its west side has 

 been worked extensively for dyking-purposes. The porphyry here 

 has a greenish-grey aspect. It extends a short distance south-west 

 through Harthwaite Pasture, but towards the south-east it is soon 

 succeeded by felspathic ashes, which are well exposed about four 

 hundred yards north of Keisley, and which continue south-east a 

 short distance beyond this exposure. These ashes are also seen at 

 Studgill Tarn, a small lake a short distance east of Keisley; and, 

 although much contorted, they have a prevailing S.S.E. dip. 



The felspathic ash-beds just referred to are succeeded imme- 

 diately south-east of Keisley and Studgill Tarn by a series of rocks 

 which have no representatives in the country which has been pre- 

 viously described. This series consists of limestones of a dark-grey 

 colour, with purple blotches, well bedded, and dipping S.S.E. at 35°. 

 Some of the beds of this limestone have a somewhat concretionary 

 aspect, and have interbedded irregular shaly bands associated with 

 them. Near Keisley, this limestone has been worked for many 

 years; and although fossils are not plentiful in the quarries, the walls 

 built of this limestone afford abundance of animal remains from the 

 weathering of the rock. The following are the fossils which the 

 Keisley' limestone affords : — namely, Stenopor a fibrosa, Halysites cate- 

 nidatus, Petraia subdupUcata, Nebidipora lens, Crinoid stems, Lingida 

 brevis, Siplionotreta, sp., Orthis calligramma, 0. elegantula, Siropho- 

 mena tenuistriata, S. corrugata, S. expansa, Leptcena monilifera, Fe- 

 nestella assimilis (Portl.), Ptilodictyum dichotomum, Modiolopsis Nerei, 

 Orihoceras vagans, 0. politum'l, TJieca triangularis, Theca, sp., 

 Conidaria elongata, Holopea concinna, CJieirurus clavifrons, C. bimu- 

 cronatus, Ampyx tumidus'^ , Illainus Davisii, Lichas, sp., Harpes, sp., 

 Cy there phaseolus, an Entomostracan which occurs in great abundance 

 in the limestone of the Chair of Kildare, and a pygidium, probably 

 of Cheintrus octolobatus. This group of fossils from the Keisley lime- 



* Many of the above fossils wei-e first obtained bj my friend Mr. Henry 

 Nicholson, of Penrith. In one locality in the higher part of Pusgill he detected a 

 spot in which the shales were full of Beyrichia strangulata, Orihoceras Brong- 

 niartii, and Stenopor a fibrosa. I am also indebted to him for many fossils from 

 Keisley, a locality subsequently alluded to. 



