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PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Feb. 22, 



and Hilton Beck, and are succeeded on the east by the Old Eed 

 Sandstone and Carboniferous Limestone of Delfkirk Scar. "We have 

 them also occurring with a N.N.W. inclination in HUton Beck, at 

 the Smelt Mill, very near the line of the Great Pennine Fault. From 

 Hilton Beck south-eastward the same Skiddaw slates are seen. 

 They form the northern and western slopes of Roman Fell, and 

 they are seen in the course of a small stream which intersects the 

 western side of this hill. At Roman Fell the Skiddaw slates are 

 capped by a thick mass of Old Red conglomerates and sandstones ; 

 and to the south-east of Roman Fell this capping hides the Lower 

 Silurians. 



We have no further trace of them beyond Roman Fell in the east 

 of Westmoreland, the Carboniferous rocks coming into immediate 

 contact with the Upper Permian Sandstones along this portion of 

 the line of the Great Pennine Fault. 



4. Fault through the Lower Silurian Rocks of the South-east of 

 Cumberland and North-east of Westmoreland. — Allusion has already 

 been made to an ancient fault which brings the Skiddaw slates 

 against the Coniston Limestone. This fault has a direction which 

 nearly accords with the strike of the Lower Silurian Rocks. Another 

 fault cuts through the Lower Silurians of the south-east of Cumber- 

 land and the north-east of Westmoreland. 



Fig. 3. — Section from MiTbnrn to Dun Fell (4 mUes). 



Fault. 



a. Skiddaw slates. 



/. Upper Old Eed Sandstone. 



g. Carboniferous rocks. 



h. Upper Permian Sandstones. 



The direction of this fault is nearly at right angles to that which 

 brings the Skiddaw slates and the Coniston Limestone into contact ; 

 and its course is nearly parallel to that of the Great Pennine Fault. 

 Indications of this fault can be seen among the Carboniferous rocks 

 on the road from Melmerby to Alston, about a mile N.N.E. from 

 the former village. It can be still better observed among the Old 

 Red Sandstones and Carboniferous rocks on the south side of Mel- 

 merby Scar, the western portion of this, called the Nib, being broken 

 oif from the bulk of the Scar and thrown down to the w^estward. 



The Lower Silurian rocks afford very little indication of this 

 fault ; but the newer Palaeozoic series, the Upper Old Red Sand- 

 stone, and the Carboniferous formation indicate the extension of 

 the fault, in aN.N.W. and S.S.E. direction, through and beyond the 

 older Palaeozoic rocks. 



