FALCONEK MASTODON" AND ELEPHANT. ' 267 



molar, of which a finely preserved iiiifigured specimen is now before 

 me, presents six principal ridges, with a distinct front and back 

 talon. It measures 2 inches in length by 1 in front, and 1 behind. 

 The third milk-molar and the antepenultimate or first true molar are 

 present in situ on both sides in another palate-specimen. The 

 former exhibits the disks of six worn ridges, besides a seventh ridge 

 behind, which is enveloped by cement. The first true molar is in a 

 germ state, and presents seven intact principal ridges, together with 

 a front and back talon. The penultimate true molar is seen in situ 

 in the upper-jaw specimens, figs. 4 and 6 of pL 12, presenting eight 

 main ridges. The last true molar is seen in germ, and intact on one 

 side and well worn on the other, in the cranium-specimen, figs. 1 to 

 4 of pi. 10, with eleven ridges and talons. In other cases, such as 

 fig. 6 of pi. 12, the last upper molar presents only ten ridges. 



Of the inferior molars, the antepenultimate and penultimate milk- 

 teeth are seen in situ in the lower-jaw fragment, fig. 10 of pi. 14, 

 drawn to the natural size*. The former presents three ridges with 

 talons, and the latter six principal ridges besides talons. Another 

 lower antepenultimate is yielded by the young mandibule, figs. 7 

 and 7 a of pi. 12, also presenting six principal ridges. The empty 

 alveolus of the small antepenultimate tooth is exhibited in the same 

 figure at b. The last milk-molar, or first of the intermediate 

 series, is seen in fig. 8 of the same plate to possess seven principal 

 ridges, with a front talon. The antepenultimate or first true molar 

 is represented by fig. 10, showing also seven principal ridges. The 

 two specimens last mentioned are further remarkable in showing- 

 each a premolar tooth in situ. The penultimate true molar varies in 

 presenting eight or nine ridges. The specimen, fig. 8 of pi. 11 of 

 the same work, exhibits a penultimate, with nine ridges and a small 

 back talon. The last true molar is beautifully preserved on either 

 side in the mandibular specimen, fig. 2 of pi. 11, showing about 

 eleven principal ridges. Other specimens of the same tooth, pre- 

 senting nearly the same number of ridges, are seen in the specimens 

 figs. 12 and 13 of pi. 12 f. The last true molars, upper and lower, 

 are subject to a certain amount of variation in the number of the 

 ridges, which will be more fully considered in the remarks upon 

 the next subgenus Eueleplias. All the molars, both upper and lower, 

 are, relatively to the length of the crown, much broader in this 

 extinct species than in the existing African Elephant. 



A very important part of the dentition of E. (Loxodon) plani- 

 frons, in relation to the systematic affinities and characters of the 

 Elephants, remains to be considered, namely the premolars. The 

 presence of these teeth in this species is adverted to in the preced- 

 ing Part, p. 312, and in the observations which follow the technical 

 definition of the genus Elej^has, p. 318. The lower-jaw fragment, 



* At the bottom of the plate in the ' Fauna Antiqua,' the specimen is referred 

 to E. St/sudricus, but this is doubtless an error. — G-. B. 



t Fig. 13 a of the same plale lias no connexion with fig. 13. It is misplaced 

 there, and belongs to the series of illustrations of JS. {Eueleplias) Hysiidricits, 

 not to JE. {Loxod.) planifrons. 



