274 PKOCEEBINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



wide behind. The fang-scar in this view is regarded as indicating 

 the position of a shed antepenultimate. 



The jaw is so rolled and mutilated, that it affords but few distinct- 

 ive characters for description. The most striking point is the very 

 great proportional height of the ramus, which in a line with the an- 

 terior termination of the molar is upwards of 9 inches. This proves 

 that the jaw is that of an adult animal, and that the molar is cer- 

 tainly not of a younger age than a penultimate. The inner side of 

 the ramus is flat, and the jaw appears to have been very high and 

 compressed in front. What remains of the symphysis indicates that 

 the gutter was broad, and that the rami diverged considerably. Two 

 mentary foramina are present on the left side, with an interval of 

 about 3 inches between them, and close to the edge of the diasteme*. 



This valuable specimen was found on the Palling beach, near 

 Happisburgh, where fossil molars of Elephants are so abundant. 

 There is no certain information from what bed it was derived, whe- 

 ther from the " Elephant-bed " of Mr. Gunn, below the "submerged 

 forest-bed," or from the " laminated blue clay " above it. But he is 

 satisfied that it was derived from a deposit below the " dark-mud 

 Boulder-clay." The same uncertainty applies to the greater part of 

 the Mammalian remains found along the beach from Happisburgh 

 to Mundesley. They have rarely or ever been observed in the cliffs 

 in situ ; and in the present instance there is no matrix upon the 

 specimen to aid in arriving at an opinion upon this point. It is 

 entirely free from ferruginous impregnation. The ivory is white, 

 and adheres freely to the tongue. 



Authentic remains, referable to this obscure form, are so rare in 

 European collections, that it is of importance to make known any 

 specimen calculated to throw light upon it. By the liberal and 

 obliging permission of Dr. EmiHo Cornalia, I was enabled to examine 

 minutely a very fine fossil molar, preserved in the Natural History 

 Museum of Milan, which I refer to E. (Lowodon) prisms. This 

 specimen is a last molar of the lower jaw, left side, nearly entire, 

 the only deficiency being in the anterior talon and part of the first 

 ridge borne by the large anterior fang. The crown exhibits twelve 

 principal ridges and a posterior talon, the ten anterior of which are 

 worn down into transverse disks, while the last three are but slightly 

 abraded. All the disks of wear present a broad rhomboidal expan- 

 sion in the middle, as in the African Elephant, but modified by a 

 crescentic tendency as above described in the fossil molars from 

 Gray's Thm-rock. The first disk is fractured, vertically, and con- 

 fluent at either side with the second, which is also nearly confluent, 

 from advanced wear, with the third. The foiu'th disk is very broad 

 (antero-posterior diameter), and exactly corresponds in form with the 

 first disk of the Gray's Thurrock specimen, the mesial expansion 

 being -75 of an inch. The outer termination of this disk is bent 

 forwards somewhat like the fourth in that specimen, but more ab- 



* In this respect the jaw in question wovild seem to diiFer fi om _£. Africanus, 

 in which species the mentary foramina are always placed a considerable distance 

 from the edge. — Gr. B. 



