282 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



d'Arno Elephant, which exist in the Florentine Museum, are there- 

 fore as abundant, and nearly as complete, as those of the Mammoth 

 at Moscow. 



a. Upper Milk-molars. — The beautiful specimen comprising both 

 maxillaries shows the two front or antepenultimate and penultimate 

 milk-molars in place on both sides, the alveolar part of the third 

 being wanting. The antepenultimate, on the right side, is perfectly 

 entire in its contour, but well worn. The general form is a broad 

 oval, narrowest in front and broadest in the middle. It presents 

 three principal ridges, with a front and back talon. The disks of 

 wear are very wide (antero-posteriorly), with thick enamel plates, 

 exactly like fig. 4 of plate 9 of Cuvier's ' Ossemens Fossiles.' The 

 dimensions of this tooth are -95 inch in length by '75 inch in width 

 at the second ridge where broadest. 



The penultimate upper milk-molar of the same specimen is fully 

 formed and consolidated. It presents a broad oblong crown, narrow 

 in front, but wide behind, composed of six principal ridges, with a 

 front and back talon. The anterior talon and three first ridges are 

 touched by wear, the other three being intact. The ridges are wide 

 apart, and the disks of wear show thick enamel plates. The enamel 

 surface, where denuded of cement, is very rugose from deep and in- 

 tricate grooving, as is seen in specimens from the Crag. The tooth 

 bears no mark of pressure behind from an impelling last milk-molar. 

 The dimensions are— length of crown 2-5 in. by 1-1 of width at first 

 ridge, and 1-6 at the fifth ridge where broadest. The height of the 

 crown at the fifth ridge is also 1-6, the tooth thus presenting at a 

 very early age one of the distinctive marks of the species, namely, a 

 proportionally broad crown, with a low elevation to the ridges. 



The original of fig. 4 of plate 9 of the ' Ossemens Fossiles ' is 

 also a penultimate upper milk-molar, of which a part is worn away. 

 "What remains presents five ridges and a hind talon well worn. The 

 ridges are wide apart, with thick enamel plates. 



The last (third) upper milk-molar is seen in a detached specimen 

 in the Florentine Museum (marked no. 98), the cement of which is 

 covered with dendritic crystrallizations of manganese. It is well worn, 

 but quite entire, showing the anterior talon and the disk of pressure 

 against the preceding tooth. The crown presents eight ridges, besides 

 a front and back talon. All of them are more or less touched by wear, 

 but none confluent, except the first with its adjoining talon. The 

 three anterior ones present continuous transverse disks, with thick 

 unplaited enamel, the outer surface of which, where in contact vpith 

 the cement, shows a crimped edge caused by the section intercept- 

 ing the superficial grooves. The third disk exhibits a small mesial 

 loop in front. The fourth and fifth ridges show each three distinct 

 transversely oblong disks, Avith about three digitations to each. The 

 sixth and seventh show five distinct oval or roundish disks. The 

 apex of the eighth ridge is barely touched, the posterior talon being 

 enveloped by cement. The general contour of the crown is a broad 

 oblong. The ridges are separated by wide open intervals, and the 

 enamel plates are thick. The dimensions of the specimens are — 



