FALCONER MASTODON AND ELEPnANT. 283 



Inches. 



Extreme length of crown 4-6 



Width of ditto at first ridge 2-0 



Ditto at seventh ridge 2*5 



Height of seventh ridge, barely worn only 2-0 



From these dimensions, it wiU be seen that the length of the 

 crown is less than twice the width, and that the width exceeds 

 the height of the seventh ridge ; or, in other words, a broad crown 

 with low ridges, wide disks, and thick enamel. 



b. Upper true Molars. — -The antepenultimate (or fourth of the 

 entire series in the order of antero-posterior succession) is presented 

 in situ in a mutilated cranium of a semi- adult and probably female 

 Elephant, which comprises both maxillaries with two molars in 

 each, and the incisive bone of the left side with the corresponding 

 tusk. The anterior of the molars is the antepenultimate, the 

 crown of which is so far advanced in wear that the anterior ridges 

 are ground down into a common flat disk. There are six distinct 

 disks of as many ridges behind, with a talon. The enamel is 

 very thick, with deep grooving on the exterior surface, but scarcely 

 any plaiting. The digital tips of the little-worn back ridges 

 are thick, well separated, and they yield well-defined rings by 

 abrasion. It is inferred that the crown possessed eight ridges 

 besides the talons. 



A detached left antepenultimate, entire as regards the crown, 

 but without fangs, shows nine ridges with a front and back talon ; 

 the first two ridges are worn, the next intact. It agrees with the 

 specimens above described in the leading characters of well-sepa- 

 rated ridges, with thick unplaited enamel, and a low elevation to 

 to the plates, the dimensions being — 



Inches. 



Length of crown 6*2 



Width of ditto in front 2-4 



Height of the third 3-8 



Height of the eighth 3-1 



Another detached antepenultimate shows only eight ridges besides 

 front and back talon. It has the three first ridges barely touched by 

 wear, showing annular disks. The enamel is very thick and rugous, 

 the digitations are deeply divided and distinct, and the ridges wide 

 apart. The length of the crown of this specimen is 6| inches. 

 The other dimensions were not taken. The number of plates in 

 the antepenultimate upper appear to vary from eight to nine. 



Of the penultimate upper (fifth in the order of succession) molar 

 there are numerous noble specimens in the Plorentine Gallery. 

 One of the left side, having the enamel tinged black, and grey 

 cement, shows nine principal ridges and a front and back talon. 

 The first four ridges only are worn ; the digitations are thick, weU 

 separated, and distinct, the ridges wide apart, the cro'wn broad, 

 and the height low. The dimension of this specimen are — 



