FALCOITER MASTODON AND ELEPHANT. 



289 



agree with those of the other teeth already described. The dimen- 

 sions are- j^^^j^^^ 



Extreme length of the crown 10-25 



Width of ditto at second ridge 2*7 



Width at third ridge where widest ....... 3"3 



Width at eighth ridge 3-0 



The summits of the worn plates of enamel, in this specimen, are 

 remarkable for projecting about -j^^ths of an inch above the cement ; 

 and, as usual (for the reason already given), the salient ma- 

 chaerides recline towards the talon. 



A very remarkable detached last lower molar, right side, in 

 which the grinding- surface is somewhat contorted (as described of ^. 

 priscus, anted, p. 275), presents the unusual number of fifteen ridges 

 to the crown, with a complicated talon. The large anterior fang and 

 part of the first ridge are broken off". The tooth is singular in this 

 respect, that although eleven of the ridges are worn, and the an- 

 terior ones low down, noue of the disks are confluent across, the 

 crown being traversed longitudinally by a deep fissure filled with 

 cement, dividing it into two unequal portions, two-thirds belonging 

 to the inner and one-third to the outer. Throughout the crown there 

 is a great tendency to distinctness in the digital processes. The 

 cement in this specimen is in a great measure denuded. The plates 

 of enamel project high above the level of the cement. The enamel 

 is very black and highly rugous at the sides of the crown, with 

 transverse wavy grooves. The dimensions are — inches 



Extreme length 13-0 



Width in front . about 4-0 



Greatest width near the middle 4-3 



Greatest height of the plates behind .... only 4*9 

 Erom the abnormal characters of this molar, it cannot be safely 

 taken for a guide as to the " ridge -formula." The distortion of 

 the crown may account for the unusual number of ridges. I have 

 seen a still more remarkable case of similar malformation in a Bri- 

 tish fossil molar of E. (^Eueleplias) antiquus. 



Another weathered or decomposed lower last molar of the right 

 side is entire in front, but deficient in the posterior talon. The 

 crown presents twelve ridges and a front talon. The enamel in 

 this specimen is very thick and rugous. The dimensions are — 



Inches. 



Extreme length of crown about 11 "5 



Width of the second ridge (enamel surface) 3-5 



Width of the sixth 3-7 



Height of the eighth plate 5-0 



■ The number of ridges in the last lower molar is inferred to vary 

 from thirteen to fifteen. A similar but still greater variation is 

 known to occur in all the species of Euelephas, and it in no i-espects 

 throws uncertainty upon the constancy of the ridge-formula in the 

 other teeth. 



e. Premolars. — From the close affinity of the molar teeth in E. 



x2 



