FALCONEK MASTODON AND ELEPHANT. 293 



versed in figs. 1 and 2 of his plate, copied in outline in figs. 19 of 

 pis. 42 and 44 of the ' Eauna Antiqua Sivalensis/ under the mis- 

 nomer of E. antiquus. It is nearly perfect in the frontal and occi- 

 pital regions, condyles, maxillaries, and molars, but imperfect in 

 the facial portion, the border of the nasal opening being broken, 

 together with the terminal portion of the incisive alveoli and the 

 zygomatic arches. ' Since Nesti's figures were taken, this specimen 

 has suffered considerable damage, the upper lamina of the right 

 incisive alveolus having disappeared, together with the salient tip 

 of the nasals and the lateral margin including the left orbit. The 

 last molar is present on either side, far advanced in wear. 



4. , The cranium A of Nesti's references, fig. 3, comprising the 

 palatine, maxillary, and temporal regions, the inferior part of the 

 occiput, and the zygomatic arches, the only deficiency being in 

 the facial region. The specimen, which is highly ferruginous, has 

 now joined on to it the entire incisive sheaths (not represented in 

 Nesti's figure) and two enormous tusks, which are spread out ho- 

 rizontally in the Theristocaulodon-manner above noticed. Nesti, in 

 his memoir, cites the tusks of this specimen as yielding a diameter 

 of 0™-26, or 10'2 inches. The last molar, much worn, is present 

 on either side. 



o. Fragments of a cranium of colossal dimensions, comprising, 

 besides unjoined pieces, the maxillaries, palate, and the last molar 

 on either side, with the incisive bones entire, and of enormous size. 

 They form a plane, at the distal end, of fully a metre in width 

 (Nesti), 391 inches. The incisive alveoli diverge at their extremity, 

 and contract very considerably upwards. This is cranium B of 

 Nesti's references, unfigured. The tusks in this specimen, accord- 

 ing to Nesti, are only 0"'"19, or 7^ inches in diameter, and the 

 molar 11 inches long. 



6. A skull, with very old molars, and the entire incisive sheaths, 

 together with the tusks finely preserved in their natural position. 



7. A cranium, mutilated as regards the incisive bones and zygo- 

 matic arches, with large tusks and much-worn molars ; very white 

 in its mineral condition. 



8. A cranium nearly entire, attached to the mounted trunk, with 

 the incisive sheaths very long, perfect, and parallel, and containing 

 moderate -sized tusks. The upper and lower jaws of this specimen 

 were fixed in apposition, concealing the crowns of the molars ; and 

 I am unable to say, with confidence, that it belongs to E. (Loxod.) 

 meridionalis. 



9. A fragment, comprising the incisive alveoli, with the perfect 

 tusks in their natural position and of moderate dimensions. 



Viewed from the front aspect, the head is more depressed, and 

 wider behind the temporal fossae, and the length of brow from the 

 vertex to the tip of the nasals markedly less in E. meridioncdis than 

 in E. primigenms. In the latter, the frontal region between the 

 margins of the temporal ridges is broad ; in the former it is much 

 narrower, being encroached upon by the temporal fossce. The bound- 

 ing ridges sweep round by a bold curve into the post-orbitary pro- 

 cesses in E. meridioncdis, somewhat in the manner represented in 



