300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



digitation. The first five ridges are slightly worn, the rest being- 

 intact. The fangs are broken off", but the definition of the anterior 

 large fang is distinctly traceable. The cement over the surface 

 generally has been decomposed or denuded, and is replaced by a 

 crust of Crag matrix, of a very rusty appearance, filUng the inter- 

 spaces. The anterior talon thins off from the outside inwards, and 

 is considerably narrower than the first ridge, of which the inner edge 

 is broken. The apices of the ridges, from the second to the fifth 

 inclusive, are all more or less fractured, and the digitation present 

 very thick enamel. The sixth, seventh, and eighth ridges show each 

 about four thick digitations ; the ninth and tenth from four to five, 

 converging ; and the eleventh four digitations, the innermost of which 

 is fractured. The definition of the base of the crown behind is a 

 little damaged, but nothing is wanting. 



The dimensions are — j , 



Extreme length of crown 11-25 



Width of crown in front 3'3 



Width at fifth ridge, where the crown is broadest. . 3-8 

 Extreme height of ridge, „ „ . . 4-8 



Width of ninth ridge 3*5 



Height of „ „ 4-6 



From these dimensions it is apparent that, in a length of 11| inches, 

 there are eleven ridges, with talons, and the seven ridges from the 

 fourth to the tenth inclusive, measured along the inner wall of the 

 crown, yield a length of fully 7 inches, being an average of one 

 plate to an inch, and fully equal to the expansion of the ridges in 

 the African Elephant or in E. (Lo.vodon) plcmifrons. The terminal 

 divisions of the ridges form stout irregular cylinders, as thick as the 

 little finger, while in the Mammoth they are more slender and qxiill- 

 shaped. The digital lobes of the ridges in E. meridionalis are so 

 massive and distinct that they have occasionally been figured and 

 described -as being of Mastodon. The specimen now in the jS^orwich 

 Museum, composed of two ridges, from the Crag of Bramerton, 

 described by Woodward*, is of this nature. The enamel is very 

 thick. I have in no ease attempted to express this in figures, as 

 the plates are so ragged and unequal that any linear measurement 

 would be deceptive ; but it is very obvious to the eye ; and when 

 the teeth are sawn up and polished, their distinctness is strongly 

 marked. The surface of the enamel in this specimen is excessively 

 rugous from transverse, wavy, parallel wrinkles, as in the Italian 

 specimens. 



A Val d' Arno lower molar of the same age, from Dr. Buckland's 

 collection in the Oxford Museum, is represented, crown side, by figs. 

 17 and 17 a of the same plate. The dimensions of this specimen 



were— Inches. 



Length of crown 10 



Width „ 3-4 



Height „ 5 



* Mag. of Nat. History, 1836, vol. ix. p. 154, figs. 2, 3, a and b. 



