FALCONER MASTODON AND ELEPHANT. 301 



It presents eleven pi'incipal ridges, with front and back talons. 

 The English and Italian specimens agree so entirely in their general 

 aspect and relative proportions, that it suffices to compare the 

 figures to be convinced that they belong to the same species, the 

 only difference being that the latter has the ridges divided into a 

 greater number of digital terminations — a circumstance of trivial 

 importance, and liable to much variation. 



If, on the other hand, the last lower molar of E. primigenius is 

 compared with the " Crag" specimen, it will be found to comprise, 

 in a length of 13 inches, from twenty-four to twenty-seven closely 

 packed ridges, with all the dental materials attenuated, the enamel 

 especially thin ; so that when sawn up vertically, the section pre- 

 sents an appearance closely resembling the teeth of a comb. 



The Crag molar from the Thorpe road is so conclusive, that, had 

 no other specimen been met with, it would of itself have sufficed to 

 establish the existence of E. meridionalis in the fossil state in 

 England. 



A superb right ramus of the lower jaw, in the Gunn collection, 

 dug out of the Elephant-bed between Mundesley and Bacton, pre- 

 sents the penultimate and last true molars in situ, the former half 

 worn out and exhibiting four partly confluent disks of wear, the 

 latter having the first five ridges and talon worn, the rest covered 

 with cement, and partly imbedded in the angle of the jaw. It com- 

 prises about thirteen ridges, exclusive of talons. The posterior 

 ridges are not distinctly shown, in consequence of the coat of cement. 

 In the penultimate, the disks of the last two ridges are confluent by 

 a narrow isthmus of ivory, and they exhibit a mesial angular expan- 

 sion, resembling very much that of E. {Loxocl.) priscus. But this 

 is simply an accident of age, from the very low stage to which the 

 wear of the crown has been carried, close to the common base of 

 ivory. 



Of the last molar, the anterior talon is very broad at the outer 

 side, and contracts inwards. The first four ridges exhibit wide 

 disks, bounded by an irregodarly fiexuous plate of very thick enamel. 

 The fifth ridge shows the apices of about six very thick and dis- 

 tinct digitations. Between the fourth and fifth ridges, but appended 

 to the posterior margin of the former, there is a single outlying- 

 mesial digitation. Tho crown of this tooth is distinguished by its 

 massive character and width. 



The dimensions are — _ , 



Inches. 



Length of remains of penultimate 3*6 



"Width of crown of penultimate, approximatively . . 3-2 



Length of the crown of last molar 10-0 



Greatest width of the crown at the fifth ridge .... 3-9 



The last tooth is markedly ciirved in its antero -posterior direction, 

 the inner side being convex, the outer concave. 



Another important specimen in the Gunn collection is a detached 

 fragment comprising the posterior half of the last lower molar, left 

 side, showing seven ridges and the posterior talon. It is inferred 



